Diabetes Mellitus Among Filipinos Philippines Health And Social Care Essay

Diabetes Mellitus Among Filipinos Philippines Health And Social C atomic number 18 essayMost of us just heard about diabetes but how a good deal do we know about it. The thing that we only know that many multitude does have diabetes mellitus, and intimately of them are Filipinos. There Mellitus are much than 300,000 Filipinos who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus. In the United States, there are about 16 one thousand thousand diabetics and about 1800 new cases are diagnosed each year. grammatical case I Diabetes, used to be called Juvenile Diabetes, is insulin-dependent (the persons pancreas does non produce insulin), meaning insulin pellet is needed to look at the creator. It is medically known as IDDM (Insulin). myrmecophilous Diabetes Mellitus, most reciprocally among persons younger than 30 years old associated fleshiness is not common. It accounts for 5 to 10% of all diabetics. fount II Diabetes is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Non-Insulin Dependent Diab etes Melllitus), which drop be treated by pills (sulfonyl ureas, antihyperglycemic drugs) rather than insulin, most commonly found Diabetes those who are older than 30, and associated obesity is patronise. It accounts for majority (90 to 95%) of diabetics. The third sign is Gestational Diabetes.Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the line of reasoning basenot be absorbed into the cells of the dead body. Symptoms include frequent urination, lethargy, excessive thirst, and hunger. The treatment includes changes in fare, oral medications, and in around cases, daily injections of insulin.The most common excogitate of diabetes is showcase II, It is sometimes called age-onset or adult-onset diabetes, and this form of diabetes occurs most often in people who are overw octet and who do not exercise. Type II is considered a milder form of diabetes be dres s of its slow onset (sometimes developing over the unravel of several years) and be example it usually can be controlled with diet and oral medication. The consequences of errant and untreated Type II diabetes, however, are the just as sound as those for Type I. This form is also called noninsulin-dependent diabetes, a term that is slenderly misleading. Many people with Type II diabetes can control the condition with diet and oral medications, however, insulin injections are sometimes necessary if treatment with diet and oral medication is not working.The causes of diabetes mellitus are unclear, however, there seemto be both hereditary (genetic factors passed on in families) andenvironmental factors involved. Research has shown that some peoplewho develop diabetes have common genetic markers. In Type Idiabetes, the immune system, the bodys defense system against transmittal, is believed to be triggered by a virus or anformer(a)microorganism that destroys cells in the pancreas th at produce insulin.In Type II diabetes, age, obesity, and family history of diabetes play arole.In Type II diabetes, the pancreas whitethorn produce enough insulin,however, cells have become unsusceptible to the insulin produced and itmay not work as effectively. Symptoms of Type II diabetes can beginso gradually that a person may not know that he or she has it. Earlysigns are lethargy, extreme thirst, and frequent urination. Othersymptoms may include sudden weight loss, slow transgress healing,urinary tract infections, gum disease, or blurred vision. It is not ludicrous for Type II diabetes to be detected while a enduring is seeing adoctor about another health rival that is actually being caused bythe yet undiagnosed diabetes. Education is the foundation ofDiabetic Therapy said by World Health Organization.We will leaven to see and enumerate in this instruction the dominance of Diabetes Mellitus Among Filipinos in the Philippines.B. argumentation of the ProblemThe research aims to know the dominance of diabetes Mellitus and the different factors that affect a person specifically, the study sought to answer the following questionsSpecifically the study sought to answer the followingHow prevalent is the diabetes mellitus?Which flake of diabetes is most common among Filipinos?Is diabetes hereditary?What are the signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus that occurs to all diabetic Filipinos?What are the things that can be done to treat Diabetes?C. HypothesisThere is very huge image of diabetic people and they are continuing to grow even more than larger as expected, overdue to the different factors related to the illness.D. Significance of the selectThe study is important for several reasons.Goverment officials of the Philippine Republic. The government officials will at long last know that one of the disease that kills a person is diabetes, and for them to give grandeur in giving a prioritize fund about it. nursing Students. The students will reali ze the importance of taking good direction of their self, oddly their eating habits which is the most common reason of having Diabetes.Parents. The study will assist as guide to conjures on how to perform the proper diet for their family lettered the study of diabetes Mellitus.Future Researchers. The research paper will help them to more about it in a concrete way. So that, they will be able to conduct a more efficient research on this.E. Scope and DelimitationThe study aims to determine the dominance of diabetes among Filipinos here in the Philippines. Furthermore, this research explored the statistics of Filipinos who have Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetic Filipinos in Philippines are the only have-to doe with population and it is limited to the study of Diabetes Mellitus.F. Materials and MethodsG. Definition of TermsIn place to have a clear view of the problem in this study, some terms considered relevant to the study have been made defined.Diabetes Mellitus. Often referred to just now as diabetes (Ancient Greek to pass through), is a syndrome of disordered metabolic process, usually due to a combination of hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally noble blood net income levels (hyperglycemia).Diabetes type 1. Is usually diagnosed in children and youngadults, and was antecedently known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is a internal secernmentthat is needed to convert cabbage (glucose), starches and other foodinto energy needed for daily life.Insulin. A polypeptide hormone secreted by the islets ofLangerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism ofcarbohydrates and fats, especially the renascence of glucose toglycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level. Any of variouspharmaceutical preparations containing this hormone that arederived from the pancreas of true animals or produced throughgenetic engineering and are used in the medical treatment andmanagement of dia betes mellitusSulfonylurea. Any of a group of hypoglycaemic drugs, such astolbutamide, that act on the beta cells of the pancreas to increasethe secretion of insulin.Anti-hyperglycemic Drug. A drug that helps to move out ofthe system the presence of an abnormally high concentration ofglucose in the blood.Gestational Diabetes. is a condition in which women withoutpreviously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levelsduring pregnancy.Microorganism. An organism of microscopic or submicroscopicsize, especially a bacterium or protozoan.Pancreas. Secretes hormones that affect the level of sugar inthe blood. These cells secrete Glucagon-raises the level ofglucose (sugar) in the blood Insulin-stimulates cells to useglucose Somatostatin-may order the secretion of glucagonsand insulin. Hereditary. Transmitted or capable of being transmittedgenetically from upraise to offspring a hereditary disease. E.g.Diabetes Mellitus.Lethargy. abnormal drowsiness the persona or state of being lazy, sluggish, or indifferent.Chapter 2Related litMany people are diagnose to have diabetes mellitus and there are also many people who didnt know that they have diabetes. The extent of its disease In Filipinos is really big.Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among FilipinosDifferent statistic has been laid out by different people atdifferent time. Administration 1 Four acid one (4.1%) of Filipinoshave diabetes mellitus. At the current estimate of the population,this means 2.5 million Filipinos with diabetes, with perhaps an equalnumber which re main undiagnosed. Administration 2 The healthcare Indicator statistics of the Department of Health has found thatdiabetes is the ninth leading cause of death in the Philippines,affecting 1 out of 25 Filipinos. As estimated 3.36 Million Filipinos areaffected by the disease today. Leading cause of mortality by sex,number, rate/100,000 population and contribution Philippines,2003.Diabtes Mellitus, Male-6,823, Females-7,373, number,rate-17.5% an d a percentage of 3.6.This number is expected to riseto about 8 million subsequently 20 years.Types of Diabetes most common among FilipinosGonzales 3 There are two main types ofdiabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. There areseveral other specific types, but they occur rarely. There is also atype of diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus that occurs duringpregnancy. In this type of diabetes, the abnormality in sugarmetabolism usually disappears after delivery although women whodevelop this condition are at a higher risk (30-60 percent) ofdeveloping diabetes later in life. Type 1 diabetes, which accountsfor about five to 10 percent of all cases of diabetes, is anautoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease results when thebody s defense system (immune system) against infection andother foreign substances turns awry and attacks the bodys owncells.Type 2 diabetes the type that afflicts your accomplice is themost common form of diabetes. It accounts for about 90-95percent of all cases of diabetes mellitus. Initially, people diagnosedwith this type of diabetes produce enough insulin, but for unknownreasons, the cells do not respond appropriately to it. Subsequently,over a period of years, insulin production by the pancreasdecreases.Diabetes a HereditaryGonzales 3 The risk of a person with a parent with type 2diabetes of developing diabetes is about 15 percent if the parentwas diagnosed before age 50 (as in the case of your husband) andseven to eight percent if the parent was diagnosed after age 50. Ifboth parents have type 2 diabetes, the probability is about 40percent.Signs And Symptoms of Diabetes MellitusManzella 4 Signs and symptoms of Diabetes MellitusFrequent trips to the bathroom, Unquenchable Thirst, Losing cant overWithout Trying, Weakness and Fatigue, Tingling or Numbness in YourHands, Legs or Feet, and bleary vision, skin that is dry or itchy,frequent infections or cuts and bruises that take a long time to healare also signs that something is amiss.Thin gs done that leads to a better health even you have Diabetes.Administration 5 There is shortly no cure for diabetesMellitus. Diet, exercise, and careful monitoring of blood glucoselevels are the keys to manage diabetes so that patients can live arelatively normal life. Diabetes can be life-threatening if not properlymanaged, so patients should not move to treat this conditionwithout medical supervision. Treatment of diabetes focuses on twogoals keeping blood glucose within normal range and preventing thedevelopment of long-term complications. pick treatmentscannot replace the need for insulin but they may enhance insulinseffectiveness and may lower blood glucose levels. In addition,alternative medicines may help to treat complications of the diseaseand improve quality of life.ReferencesA. BookBoulton, A. J. and Rayman, G. (2006). The Fact in Diabetes. westward Sussex, England John Wiley and Sons Limited. RD 563 B6 2006.Unger, U. M. D. (2001). Diabetes steering in Primary Care. Philadelphia, USA Lippincott Williams and Wilkins a Wolters Kluwer Business. RC 660 U5 2007.Schwarts, S. L. (1989). Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Texas, USA Essential Medical Information System, Inc. MS616 462 sch1m 1989.Drum, D. and Zierenberg, T. (2006). The Type II Diabetes Sourcebook. vernal York, USA The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 616 462 D8447 2006.Frost, G. and Moses, R. (2003). Nutritional Management of Diabetes Mellitus. West Sussex, England John Wiley and Sons Limited. 616.4620654 F92n 2003.Parriesh, D. and Machado, A. C. (2006). Healing epicure eat to beat Diabetes. sore York, USA Medical Meals, Inc. 616.4620654 d197H 2006.B. ArticlePultante, younger Diabetic Foot Care, Manila Bulletin, (August 17, 2002). p.11-13.Gonzales, Dr. Eduardo G. Diabetes Mellitus, Manila Bulletin, (August 23, 2005). p. C-4Ramirez, Carlo Gerando. Therapy Option for Type I Diabetes, Manila Bulletin, (February 25, 2002). p. 1Mercado, Charmaine. How to Help a loved one with a medical condition , Health Today, (December 2003). p. 50-51.Tacio, Elena D. Diabetes Hidden Epidemic, Philippine Panorama, (August 3, 2003). p.19Sy, Gary S. What is Diabetes Mellitus?, Manila Bulletin, (August 21, 2002). p.11-12.Mamanglu, Shianee. Juvenile Diabetes cases rising in RP, Manila Bulletin, (March 28, 2000). p.23.Gonzales, Eduardo G. A Primer on Diabetes Mellitus, Manila Bulletin, (July 16, 2007). p. C-5.Fox, Maggie. New drug study raises worries, Manila Bulletin, (May 23, 2007). p.11, B-12.Sy, Gary s. Understanding Diabetes and its Complications, Manila Bulletin, (January 25, 2008). p.11, B-18.Lopez, Estrellita. Diabetes and Diet, smell Today, (June 2001). p.15.Tacio, Henrylite D. taking Diabetes More Seriously, Manila Bulletin, (October 21, 2003). p.32-33.Lansang, Segundo L. Diabetes, A Brief History, Life Today, (June 2001).Calcimon, Nerissa V. Nature of Diabetes, Life Today, (June 2001).Lopez, Estrellita. Treatment of Diabetes, Life Today, (June 2001).Salazar, Tessa R. 2-M-1 Pill fo r Diabetes, Philippine Daily Inquirer, (April 22, 2006). p. B-6.Puyalte, Jose.Now that youre Diabetic, Womens Journal, (April 9, 2001). p.11.Moseh, Terry L. WHO Diabetes, a health threat, Manila Bulletin, (November 27, 2005). p.H-2.Gomez, Ma. Congee S. Beware Diabetes the New Health Scare, Womens Journal, (August 24, 1996). p.40-41.C. electronic MediaManriquez, D.J. Diabetes Melltus.2008.Diabetes Profile. February 22, 2009Manzella, D. Top Warning Signs of Diabetes December 15, 2008.Diabetes Mellitus. P., Erlich H.A ET. Al. The association of class 1 and II alleles with type I diabetes among Filipinos June 2002.Diabetes rising among Filipinos. February 22, 2009. http//article.wn.com/view/2008/11/11/Diabetes_rising_among_Filipinos Philippine Inquirer Diabetes Mellitus Case Study. May 15, 2008. http//nursinocrib.com/diabetes_mellitus_case_studyTreatments for Diabetes Alternative. Medicine February 22, 2009http//www.shirleys_wellness_cafe.com/diabetes.htm.Diabetes Mellitus. Februaty 22 , 2009.www.diabetes center.org.ph/?fid=education Februaty 22, 2009

Benefits of Evidence Based Healthcare Practice

Benefits of Evidence Based healthcare makeEvidence found practice refers to clinical practices that include better in stock(predicate) scientific severalize (Levin and Feldman, 2006) based from expert opinion, clinical signposts and findings from enquiryes, feature with good clinician judgement and clients p references (Kim and Mallory, 2011) on issues relating to healthcare. The whole shopping mall is to ensure the topper care for patients and to be able to explain wherefore certain clinical discussions are applied. This piece of work will concisely outline the importance of evidence based practice before analysing quartette pieces of evidence in the care of a blow patient, Omar Banerjee, and its reclaimableness former(a) users.Oman et al (2003) states that evidence based practice started to be appreciated and recommended by the National Health Services (NHS) in the UK in the early 1990s. The priming coat was to rich person effective and less costly interpolations while providing naughty carapace healthcare system. The intervention should be based on best available evidence and provided in the best interest of the patient such as Omar in this analysis.In addition, when a particular intervention is apply on a client, evidence is submitd to back up that particular process (Kim and Mallory, 2011). In the UK this support can come from the NICE guidelines, Care lumber Commission and the codes and practices of professional bodies like breast feeding and Midwifery Council.Evidence based practice ensures accountability. Aveyard and Sharp (2013) n oned that professional health carers who belong to unlike professional organisations are expected to comply with their standards, codes and policies. This will be modify them to justify their actions if required to do so.The first analysis of Omars set apart is based on Cross (2008)s evidence on snapshot care. This evidence was obtained from the UWE blackboard website. I have chosen this name b ecause it has statistical reading abetful to Omar and his carers. It identifies important areas of his care brings and why lash investigate should continue to be an on-going process.Sander (2013) defined slash as a disease caused by the disturbance of the flow of agate line in blood vessels in the brain which could have been necessitated by a bursting blood vessel or blood clot. Omars crack was caused by a blood clot in the brain. slice has become a banging problem and the morsel main cause of death and disability in developed economies after heart related diseases (Cross, 2008). Sander (2013) emphasises out that snap is affecting about 150, 000 heap in the UK yearly.However, the article reports a free fall in deaths because of improvements in blastoff care, management and awareness. More resources have been displace towards short to long term care of stroke patients such as admission charge to nifty stroke units and to rehabilitation areas (Cross, 2008). The repo rt says this evidence, among others, is being used to develop new stroke treatments and guidelines in the UK. NICE (2008) which provides tools and quick reference guide to stroke related cases could have emerged as a resultant of this. These developments whitethorn give hope to Omar and his distressed family.The article cited two evidence of good practice from two infirmarys. It is reported that the stroke management team up at Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation impudence assess stroke patients on admission to the AE, take brain scans and admit relevant patients to a stroke unit within 24 hours. The other evidence is from Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust where patients have brain scans, steep screens and initial dose of aspirin stipulation to relevant patients. These practices are recommended by NICE (2008) guidelines and whitethorn reduce win risks to patients. Omar received these interventions. This shows the strength of this article to Omars case and how early i ntervention whitethorn result in positive outcome.Although the article stressed the need for nurses to continuously monitor patients during the early stages of stroke on certain variables, it did not provide guidelines to back up the checks. Locally agreed hospital policies suggested may not meet NICE standards.Despite the improvements noted in the research, caveat should be taken when making decisions based on the findings. These are 2008 findings and a lot has happened since then. Omar may be interested in hearing new-fashioned studies such as that of Sander (2013) who points out that in addition to the swallow screen stroke patients should further be screened for malnutrition using Malnutrition Universal covert Tool (MUST) in line with the NICE (2008) guidelines.The second analysis of Omars care is based on a qualitative shoot of Tutton et al (2012) on ten staff and ten patients views on the concept of hope on a British stroke unit. The evidence was obtained from EBSCO via CI NAHL database and UWE library section. I chose this evidence because CINAHL is considered as one the good sources of evidence (Levin and Feldman, 2006) and the concept may be useful to Omar to learn other patients experiences in a alike hospital setting.The aim and list search terms in the article relate well to Omars case. forecast is defined as get better from illness and being able to do things as before (Tutton et al, 2011). This was echoed by any(prenominal) of the patients in the have. An in depth analysis of key terms and the codes used in qualitative flying field (Aveyard and Sharp, 2013) may help carers to understand how it feel to have a stroke. Omar and his family may share the uniform thoughts as they are finding it hard to come to terms with fulminant change of things in their family.Despite taking long magazine on data collection and variations in stroke severity Omar may be encouraged to learn that some patients took less than a week in hospital. This result is echoed by Arnaert et al (2006) in a similar study based on ten patients in Canada. They reported that some clients were hoping for a quick recovery and self-healing.The article is good evidence as it give tongue to what is already known about this topic and breast feeding implications. These aspects are echoed by Arnaert et al (2006) but Tutton et al (2011) further identify what the paper has added such as the multidisciplinary team involvement in caring for stroke patients to give hope a realistic thing.Although the article mentioned that consent was obtained from both participants, there are still some ethical issues in the article. Some of patients label are mentioned in the article. This is confidential information and Omar may find himself in a similar situation.Furthermore, relatives and carers of patients were not interviewed in the study. It may be infallible to hear their views as well especially after learning from Preeti how she was attempt to come to terms with Omars condition. Her understanding of hope would improve our knowledge on this aspect.It is generally accepted that qualitative evidence is ranked second from the bottom in the hierarch of evidence (Polit and Beck, 2012) and uses a small sample size for the purpose of in-depth analysis of topic under consideration (Aveyard and Sharp, 2013). Although a crowing sample size may be costly and time consuming, caution must be taken when making inferences on large population size like 150, 000 patients mentioned earlier.A third analysis of Omars care considers service size up and evaluation evidence from Sentinel Stroke National Audit curriculum (SSNAP) (2013). It is a national audit on stroke patients admitted to hospital in the first three months of 2013. The research looks at the processes of care at early stages of stroke (72 hours) from hospital arrival. I have chosen this evidence because SSNAP is a nationally recognised organisation and full treatment with other organisations in stroke related cases. Its recent results obtainable finished Google, SSNAP Audit Report (2012) and Royal College of Physicians links have strong implications on Omars condition.SSNAP (2013) results show the importance of using guidelines in any intervention involving stroke cases. There is strong evidence in the article that stroke patients were immediately taken for brain scans and admitted to the stroke units, as in the case of Omar, upon arriving hospital. This is in line with NICE (2008) guidelines. Most of the trusts were able to meet this standard. However, it is badgering to learn that there is a lower chance of having scan during the spend and night times, the time of the week when Omar experienced the stroke.NICE (2012) guidelines stipulate that people who have had TIA should have first dose aspirin upon initial assessment. Although Omar received one, the outcome in the report is not very pleasing. It is befool from the research that this standard was not met by all t rust as there are huge variations.The research was only focused on 72 hours upon hospital arrival. It may benefit the public and give presumption to Omar if the care he received from the ambulance crew were up to standards. NICE (2012) guidelines require people suspected to have had stroke to be screened using a FAST tool. There are no statistics regarding this in the article as the research excluded time before hospital arrival and the rehabilitation. This information may enlighten the public the importance of early intervention in stroke care.This evidence is not peer reviewed and the way data was collected is of concern. Because the SSNAP is a single source of data nationally (Paley et al, 2013) and an online web-tool was used to gather information one may wonder whether variations in results may appear if a different organisation undertakes the same research. Caution should be applied when rendition this data.The audit results stress the importance of early intervention by mul tidisciplinary stroke team in the care of stroke patients. However, there are some areas that require attention if the all standards are to be fully met.The last(a) analysis of Omars care is based on quantitative study by Beavan et al (2010) on whether looped nasogastric vacuum tube (NGT) feeding improves nutritionary manner of speaking to acute stoke patients with dysphagia. The evidence was obtained from UWE blackboard website. I chose this evidence because the intervention, tube feeding, helps to resolve Omars swallowing difficulties and improve nutritional needs. The research helps in respond questions on whether there are other alternatives and any effects associated with the intervention.The research was necessitated by the poor nutrition on patients on admission to hospital and the dislodgement associated with adhesive nasal stickers. Findings from the research reported more benefits in using the loop system than the other method. Some of the benefits include fewer check s for NGT position, less supplementary feeds required, more volume of fluids and feeds and less dislodgement of NGTs. This is brisk information to Omar as it highlights why the intervention is used. However, the costs were seen to be high for the two week period.It is important to explain to Omar that studies of this nature are useful and commonly used in clinical interventions. It is a view dual-lane by many authors like Polit and Beck (2012) and Aveyard and Sharp (2013). They rank randomised controlled trials as second best on the hierarch of evidence after regular reviews and meta-analysis.There are some ethical issues regarding the funding for the research. Procare Ltd supplied the loops. The researchers stressed that it was not involved in any logistics or interpretation of the results, but one may wonder why the loops were sold at a book price. Could this have resulted in a discount? If the answer is yes then it is likely that the costs could be higher than the reported o ne.In addition, the aspect of tolerability was mainly based on the views of nurses and family members. Although it is understandable that most of the patients were having communication problems, the number of patients ineffective to communicate is alarming to the extent that caution is required when using this evidence.The study was done some years ago and the results published in 2010. A number of changes may have happened since then. Omar will be susceptible on why using such an old piece of evidence. Recent research results may be easier to convince Omar and his family than old results.To sum up, stroke is a major disease affecting many people and causing disabilities among survivors. every nursing intervention will require evidence to back up. quatern sources of evidence have been analysed in relation to Omar, a stroke patient. The strengths and weaknesses associated with from each one of this evidence will enable any intervention in Omars care to be made in rationale way an d to his best interest.WORDS 2 089ReferenceAveyard, H. and Sharp, P. (2013) A Beginners pass by to Evidence-Based Practice in Health and Social Care, 2nd ed. Berkshire Open University Press.Kim, M. and Mallory, C. (2011) Statistics for Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing, Burlington Jones and Bartlett Learning.Oman, K.S., Krugman, M.E. and Fink, R. M. (2003) Nursing enquiry Secrets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Hanley and Belfus.Pilot, D. F. and Beck, C.T. (2012) Nursing Research Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice, 9th ed. Philadelphia Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Levin, R. F. and Feldman, H. R. (2006) Teaching Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing A Guide for Academic and Clinical Settings, New York Springer print Company.Arnaert, A., Filteau, N. and Sourial, R. (2006) Stroke Patients in the chills and fever Care Phase Role of Hope in Self-healing online. 20 (3), pp137-146. Accessed 14 November 2013Beavan, J., Conroy, S.P., Harwood, R., Gladman , J.R.F., Leonardi-Bee, J., Sach, T., Bowling, T., Sunman, W. and Gaynor, C. (2010) Does looped nasogastric tube feeding improve nutritional delivery for patients with dysphagia after acute stroke? A randomised controlled trial. in stock(predicate) from https//blackboard.uwe.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-3425495-dt-content-rid-4569416_2/courses/UZWSN3-15-1_13oct_gl_feb14_1/Tube%20feeding%20after%20stroke%20RCT.pdf Accessed on 19 November 2013Cross, S. (2008) Stroke care a nursing perspective. Nursing Standard. 22 (23), pp 47-56. unattached from https//blackboard.uwe.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-3473085-dt-content-rid-4709333_2/xid-4709333-2 Accessed on 29 October 2013National engraft for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2008) Audit support (NICE clinical guideline 68 Stroke) Available from https//blackboard.uwe.ac.uk/bbcwebdav/pid-3461610-dt-content-rid-4659555_2/xid-4659555_2 Accessed 12 November 2013NICE (2008) Understanding NICE management Early assessment and treatment of people who ha ve had a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) Available from www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/cg68publicinfo.pdf Accessed on 01 declination 2013Paley, L., Campbell, J., Hoffman, A. and Rudd, (2013) Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) Clinical audit first pilot public report, National results. Available from www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/ default on/files/ssnap_pilot_national_report_january_-_march_2013_admissions_with_appendices_.pdf Accessed on 11 December 2013Pale, L., Campbell, J., Hoffman, A. and Rudd, (2013) Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) Clinical audit first pilot public report, National results. Available from www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/ssnap_pilot_national_report_january_-_march_2013_admissions_with_appendices_.pdf Accessed on 11 December 2013Sander, R. (2013) Prevention and treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Nursing Older People online. 25 (8), pp 34-38. Accessed on 4 December 2013.Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP ) (2012) Acute organisational audit report Public Report for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Available from http//www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/ssnap_acute_organisational_audit_-_public_report_2012_0.pdf Accessed 12 November 2013Tutton, E., Seers, K., Langstaff, D. and Westwood, M. (2011) Staff and patient views of the concept of hope on a stroke unit a qualitative study online. 68 (9), pp 2061-2069. Accessed 14 November 20131

Employee performance recognition techniques on customer satisfaction

Employee execution of instrument scholarship techniques on node bliss without delay a geezerhood proceeds persistence is dominating the teleph iodin circuit world. In take oning countries it is spy that the largest festering ara of business is process manufacture. worldwide compevery cultures and in business the cross culture pick up move encour sequenced avail sector to grow in developing countries.In eatery application a crash of the offering is a process and it is really popular manufacture in Pakistan. Chains of eating places argon non bring home the bacond the primal fountain of fodder in close cities of Pakistan hitherto umteen local irons of eatery with a very al mavin(predicate) taste at low cost be competing with the international shackles of restaurant. In Pakistan Restaurant perseverance is spiritedly militant in legal injury of prime(a) of process provided by restaurants as a caliber of operate has signifi brookt effects on t he advantageability and advantage of restaurants.The Fast viands Restaurant Market is a growing industry in Pakistan relying firmly on the ever-changing lifestyle patterns, population growth of the target age convocation and the related add-on in employment of women. With todays hectic lifestyles, clip-saving products ar increasingly in demand the most obvious being the spendthrift food. The rate of growth in consumer expenditures on flying food has direct most other segments of the food- forth-from home market for much of the last cardinal decade.Restaurant is consisting of a group of hatful that be linked with one a nonher to satisfy a single objective to satisfy the clients. If these group of plenty those argon called internal nodes be fit than they try to a greater extent than(prenominal) and much to satisfy the real(a) external customers which ultimately increases the profit of the restaurant. And for this it is very necessary to satisfy internal customer s and m whatever restaurants are expanding much of their internet in satisfying them by providing them antithetical retorts that may be just now a Thank-you Letter or formal give in socio-economic classly function of shaping. In restaurants the fancy of internal customers is most suitable for strawman line staff because customers atonement is largely depends on them. In a restaurant customer and employee contact is the jump deputation of a serve up and on that basis customer perceived the serve of customers. All businesses stay on healthy if their employees are healthy and wellbeing and that contribute to a thin exploit and that makes successful (MacDonald, 2005). It is necessary for restaurant to actualise their employees absolute contributions and achievements yet though these are very lilliputian. Nothing shadower motivate employees to a greater extent than the receiving represent. Recognition of employees can be in many forms resembling, give in increm ents, predilection letter, employee awards, physical and verbal support and promotions etc. it is suggested by many authors to fleck employees in front of other employees because this allow for motivate employees behaviour and in addition motivate other employees to work hard to receive such an preference in front of all other employees. Every employee never wants unless monetary compensation they too need realisation and for this the recognition of employees is more common in corporate world, Nelson (2005) in his entertain 1001 focus of lifes to reward employees gave so many evidences and ways to choose employees. It is the common understanding that if employee is cause that go out work more and satisfy more customers and if customers are satisfied that allow ultimately increases the profit of judicature and thats main objective of any business.It has been find that person visit a restaurant at first time on anothers urge onations and he/she is satisfied from the return than it is similarly to revisit the restaurant in future and do the passs to others in future. In attracting and retaining the customers restaurant industry is one of the highly competitive industry and for this restaurant managers and operators withdraw a clear picture about the customers needs, wants and perception of customers that will in the end decide about the success and failure of restaurant. To understand customers needs and wants and factors that turn them will provide a clear idea to the restaurant managers and operators to make, design, develop and deliver the right offerings to the customers that will make customers more satisfied (Syed, Conway, 2006). It is observed that if loyal customers increase by 5 to 10% that will increases the profit up to 100%, and this is the reason for which many restaurants make themselves customer orient and make their objective customer first and for this reason they are acquiring success and increasing their profits.Probl em StatementTo subject the birth amidst employee performance recognition techniques and customer happiness in restaurant industry. shotRelationship The measure of what kind of relation does employee performance recognition techniques obtain with customer pleasure in restaurant industry.H1 There is positive affinity between employee performance recognition techniques and customer satisfaction.Outline of the StudyRestaurant industry is very fast growing industry in Pakistan which is donationially service oriented and in service industry it is observed that if employee is recognise against its performance than customers are more satisfied from that employees service. The aim of this study was to how employees are avowd in service industry and how these employee performance recognition techniques are related or associated with customer satisfaction in restaurant industry of Pakistan.DefinitionsEmployee performance recognition Employee performance recognition is essentially a p ositive feedback to let employee know that their performance and efforts are valued and appreciated by coworkers and the institution.Employee performance recognition techniques These are just tools or rewards by which employee performance is recognized.Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction is a measure of customer expectation either it meets or surpass about the product or service supplied by the company.CHAPTER 2LITERTURE REVIEWRestaurant IndustryThis has been observed since decades that the business world has been dominated by services. Now a days service industry is largest, rapidly growing and more profitable industry in the developing countries due to the reason of cross culture assume ships of business and worldwide company cultures. The only industry which take down survives in recession was the restaurant industry. The result for restaurant industry to boom is, people dont suck in to cook and they eat out. Now days, people read repast outside not only on planne d occasions even more as an afterthought (Mogelonsky, 1998).Changing life style of people of Pakistan has resulted in the expansion of hotel and restaurant industry and due to the reason this industry is very popular among people of Pakistan. Chains of hotels, restaurants and fast food are not the only or even the primary source of food in Pakistan. The hotel/ restaurant industry of Pakistan has become highly competitive due to the tincture of services provided by them and the quality of service in this industry has direct race with the favourableness and success, this is the reason for which many local fast food chains and restaurants are competing international fast food chains and restaurant in Pakistan that provide good quality of services and bizarre regional tastes and habits at low cost (Siddiqi, 2007, p. 15). The restaurant industry is growing in Pakistan rapidly which rely heavily on population growth, increase in employment of women and changing life style patterns. In todays changing lifestyle the demand of time saving products is increased and the top of total among them is fast food.Many organizations nowadays counseling on improving quality of a service because they recognize that service is the only crucial portion in their environment by which customers can be gained and retained and service as well as serve as competitive advantage. servicing is not only master(prenominal) for purely service ground organization the production found industry having a swagger of production and service is much concentrate on buyer and seller interaction which also termed as Service Encounters and service coming togethers decide customers to sustain or not (Gronroos, 1994).For a mix between service and production restaurant is matching example, where customers get meal which is primarily production outcome during this he/she communicates with waiter which is operational or process related or service element of restaurant.Restaurant owners and manager s should contract a clear understanding of needs, perceptions and wants of customers if they want to attract and retain customers, because customers are the one who choose their existence and this makes restaurant industry more competitive (Gregoire, Shanklin, Greathouse Tripp,1995). Extreme competition observed in restaurants with regard to antitheticiated services (Koo, Tao and Yeung, 1999 Sundaram, Jurowski and Webster, 1997).In comparison to past years, an increase in the spending of people on fast food, other sectors of food are taken away from home market. Restaurants to bring in the full potential of employees value, they should change the circulating(prenominal) philosophy this can be done through understanding the relationship of competitive advantage and high performance work practice (Murphy Olsen, 2008).Employee action Recognition TechniquesThere is no business in the world which is not striving or a good and healthy state. Only contribution of successful performan ce of employees can make organization successful (Economic and accessible Research Council, 2006 MacDonald, 2005). It has been noticed that firms to sustain competitive in the market they have a constant focus on improvement of service quality (Stevens, Khutson and Patoon, 1995 Parasuraman, Berry and Zeithaml, 1991). Human resource processes are outright associated with employee attitude and that will in return produce line of work satisfaction or dissatisfaction (Rainey, 1991), and job satisfaction produces indigence which affects employee work efforts and productivity that ultimately affects customer satisfaction (Lawler, 1994).All employees have given responsibilities and they also have moral responsibilities and they are supposed to act in a directed way (Fisscher, Nijhof and H. Steensma, 2002). This someways subjective morality which is more concerned about common-sense, but actual responsibility may be beyond role morality. Pointing out demands and responsibilities of ones role to be filled is role morality (Werhane and Freeman, 1999).Every organization is focusing on measure and evaluating performance of employees by using different tools like balanced score cards to motivate employees according to their performances (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). This has been observed that performance cadence procedures not always give clear results in measuring elements like motivation, decision making or goal directed behavior some(prenominal) positive and negative results appeared. Result of one performance measurement tool is positive in measuring one item station while it gives negative result in measuring other particular situation. In restaurant industry this is easy and more reliable way to get the feedback from customers or involving customers in evaluating the performance of employees (Hopkins, 2005). Employee should not only be assessed by responses to work role rather it should be assessed in hearty contexts that how it shape attitudes and wants (Salan cik and Pfeffer 1978), and emotions expressed in organization (Rafaeli and Sutton 1989). This way of measuring employee attitudes has unresolved many different neighborhoods to be studied at organizational take such as depression, liking, positive and negative effect, happiness and optimism (Staw, Sutton Pelled, 1994). To get in demand(p) results from employees it is necessary to recognize employees for their work. Employee recognition is the best way to get satisfaction among employees, this sometimes known as convey you category. For employees nothing more definitive than just a simple thank you for job that performed well by employee. It is necessary to recognize employees on their good work, positive contributions and achievements even though that should be too small. Recognition doesnt mean just to say thank you, that could be in many forms such as promotions, company awards, pay raises, physical support, verbal guidance etc. what recognition is given to employee is not necessary but employee is recognized is the real recognition. It is to be suggested by many researchers that recognition should be given publicly because nothing can more motivate employee than to achieve an award or honoring achievement in front of the complete company formally. This may also give motivation to other employees that they should also be honored for quality of work and achieving high results. It is also observed that none of the factor can be more motivating than to receive an award (Hopkins, 2005).sometimes rewards are treated as psychological management which believes that when employee comes to know that their customers are satisfied and so these employees will work hard more effectively because they themselves will be satisfied. Sometimes the rewards are also act as implicit. It is belief of management that a long run satisfied customer is more profitable for organization. counselling motivates employees by communicating this belief that if the firm is more pro fitable than employee will remain employees and even ear more wages. In some organization employee wages/salaries are directly stick with the customer satisfaction or quality measures (Hauser, Simester, Wernerfelt, 1994). Clive Mettrick, an executive of the company once said to reward and to recognize positive results of employees is important factor in employee retention. To retain qualified employees to shackle them in customer satisfaction, resource management and performance improvement organization should maintain reward and recognition programs (Freed, 1999).Akerlof and Kranton (2005) quoted If an organization is going to function well, it should not rely solely on monetary compensation schemes. In his book 1001 Ways to Reward Employees, Nelson (2005) gives plenty of proofs and multiple awards utilise in companies. Employee considering award as incentive assume recognition as important source of motivation (for example, by receiving award). Employee put all his efforts not to demolish award with the money that went with it. Awards are valuable for the employees because they convey appreciation and recognition on behalf of colleagues and the public. Award may give a feeling of commitment because it draws an aflame bond by connecting the winner with the institution (Bruno Susanne, 2009). Reward and recognition is the way of telling employees that organization value employees efforts (Evans and Lindsay, 2003). It is seen that many of the companies through billions of dollars for employees reward and recognition processes but the results showed that such processes are not of value for them even these frame de-motivation among employees (Spitzer, 196).Coveys (1994) term begin with the end in mind is may be used in designing Reward and Recognition system for employees, before developing the system it is necessary to consider the key objectives that organization has to achieve. McAdams (2000) suggested attaching rewards with business goals and objective s which, he recommended, are revenue financial return, growth, customers satisfaction and reducing operate expenses. Any organization may make as many rewards as possible but sometimes they become of no use because they create a feeling of being controlled, the best solution of this is to involve employees in developing reward and recognition system of organization (George and Weimerskirch, 1994). Employers and Managers should not recognize employees as they want but recognize employees as they want to be recognized (Branham, 2001).For employees performance measurement customer feedback plays a lively role, if servers provide good/bad service to customer so customer will provide good/bad feedback about employees. So, more emphasis should be on quality of employees service, customers will get more satisfaction (Johnson, 1996 Schneider and Bowen, 1985). This concept should be well understood that if organization is providing employees with quality service then it is likely to be not ices that customers will receive higher quality service (Lukas and Maignan, 1996). Some service executives claimed that frontline service employees are actually communicating with customers so they create the take aim of perceived service quality of that organization. The first representation of service firm is interaction between employee and customer and customer commonly perceived organization on the basis of interaction between employee and customer (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry 1985). Therefore, it is vital that frontline customer contact employees must be think on customers needs and wants (Kelley 1992).Customer triumphSince many years, service quality and customer satisfaction have become a major area of attention to researchers because it was put in that both have impact on organization performance and customer behavior. Service quality gives higher profitability (Gundersen, Heide and Olsson, 1996), and also it gives customer satisfaction (Oliver, 1997), and custome r satisfaction spread positive term of honor of mouth (Sderlund, 1998).A satisfaction based on outcome or process is also termed as customers satisfaction. Customer satisfaction can exclusively be defined as judgment of a post outgo of a particular product or service (Gundersen, et al., 1996). Some studies also showed that customer satisfaction has direct or indirect impact on organization results. Many authors also concluded that organization profitability is directly affected by customer satisfaction (Anderson, Fornell Lehmann, 1994 Yeung, Ging Ennew, 2002 and Luo and Homburg, 2007).All these authors also found that customers satisfaction produces customer loyalty that increases repurchase intentions which spread positive word of mouth.Knutson (1988) discussed the factors that are important for customer satisfaction like convenience of location, safety device and security, prompt service, and friendliness of employees.Barsky and Labagh (1992) is of the view that location an d employee attitude are the factors which can easily influence customers satisfaction.Service quality is considered very complex in record its meaning is different from customer to customer but the most common definition could be that comparison between customer expectations and customer perceptions of the service received by customers (Parasuraman, Zeithaml Berry, 1988 Grnroos, 1982). Some authors are of the view that customer satisfaction represents a sign of service quality (Carman, 1990 Bolton and Drew, 1991). Other authors vie that service quality is a sign of customer satisfaction (Churchill and Suprenant, 1982 Anderson et al., 1994 Oliver, 1997 Oh, 1999 Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003 Jamali, 2007).These authors concur that service quality is cognitive evaluation which may give satisfaction to the customers. So it may be concluded that service quality produces results of customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction should be measured on criteria of the quality service that is p rovided to the customers by the services that are attach with the product/ service (Vavra, 1997). book of account of mouth recommendations and repeat purchase behavior are the major reasons for which customers satisfaction is thought of having a great importance in all typeface of organization (Berkman and Gilson, 1986).Factors affecting service quality and customer satisfaction endure owners and restaurant managers to develop and deliver the right offerings. Only a part of an offering of a restaurant is service that is intangible and heterogeneous and success of all other parts is dependent on the quality of service that is provided to the customers (Syed, Conway, 2006). It has been observed that a satisfied customer from service provided by restaurant is likely to visit again in the restaurant even recommend to other friends and relatives (Kivela, Reece and Inbakaran, 1999 Pettijohn, Pettijohn and Luke, 1997). Restaurants net profits can be doubled if a restaurant loyal custom ers increases from 76 to 81% (Mattila, 2001). Social contacts play an important role in selection of a restaurant almost 44% of customers visit a restaurant first time on recommendation of friends where as only 10% visit restaurant first time with former customer (Smith, 1996 Stevens, Khutson, and Patoon, 1995).Most of the restaurants make themselves customer oriented where they have the belief that customer and customers interest comes first without ignoring other stake holders like owners, managers and employees, to make organization long run profitable (Hartline , Michael D., Maxham III, James G., McKee, Daryl O. 2000). Because of intangible, hetero and inhering nature of service, in service firms customer orientation course plays a vital role (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry 1985). Firms applying customer orientation earn more profitability and perform better service quality than those firms who apply other orientation in their processes (Kelley, 1992). ecstasy is generally viewed as a broader concept . . . service quality is a component of satisfaction (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003, p. 85).Satisfaction cant be driven from one source it always be driven from many sources, Bitner and Hubbert (1994) explain satisfaction in two ways service encounter satisfaction, this satisfaction or dissatisfaction arrives from specific service encounters and boilers suit satisfaction, this satisfaction based many/ multiple service encounters and experiences, experienced by customer. It shows that service encounter satisfaction at individually service encounter develop overall service satisfaction. Olivers (1997) defined customer satisfaction as fulfillment of response. Satisfaction in a very low time grows moldy with overall customers attitude (Oliver, 1997). From the above perspective of customer satisfaction this can be stated that, Service quality can be viewed as whole family picture album, where as customer satisfaction is just one snapshot.CHAPTER 3RESEARCH METHO DS3.1 Method of Data CollectionA questionnaire survey consisting of 2 questionnaires, 1 for managers of restaurants (consist of 3 pages) and other for customers (consist of 2 pages) of each restaurant were used to collect the entropy (Primary) from respondents from restaurants across Pakistan. The survey was done in the avocation manner.Personal meeting by taking an appointment with the managers of the restaurantsPersonal meetings with customers those were purchasable in restaurant at that time.3.2 Sampling TechniqueConvenience judge distribution was done to carry out the research.3.3 Sample SizeThere are two types of data used by researchers to do research, primary and secondary. In primary research questionnaires are used to collect the data that can be qualitative or quantitative. Since every organization is using different techniques to recognize their employees so there was need to use questionnaires to collect the primary data. It is very difficult to reach every restauran t and collect the data because many of restaurants were not willing to share accurate information. Total sample size was 420 which include 20 restaurant managers and 400 customers, 20 customers from each of 20 restaurants.3. 4 Instrument of data collectionTwo different questionnaires were developed to collect the data, among which first questionnaire was based on employee performance recognition techniques used in restaurant and the other questionnaire was based on the service characteristics and the service provided by employees and received by customers. Demographics were also asked in both instruments (questionnaires). SPSS was used as tool to analyze the data.3.4.1 Validity and reliability proveThe questionnaire was conducted to determine the errors in the design and instruments. Pre-test refers to testing of the questionnaire on a small sample of participants to identify and get rid of potential problems. This has been done to adjudicate the questionnaire for clarity, bias, a nd issues vague, and its importance to the research.Reliability epitome, measurement scales and the things that makes studying the properties to make them. Reliability analysis procedure is used in many cases the number of procedures to calculate the level of reliability and the relationship between the items listed in the individual level provides information about.Table 3.1Reliability StatisticsCronbachs AlphaCronbachs Alpha Based on regularize ItemsN of Items.761.762143.5 Research Model DevelopedRestaurant industry is a mixture of service industry and production industry, if any one of them is not up to the standards or customers perception it directly affect restaurant business, so for restaurants it is necessary to make and serve the products as per standards. Service part of restaurant industry is very critical and to cope up with this restaurants recognize their employees by providing them different rewards to motivate them and they motivated these employees work more and i n an efficient way and this will directly affect customer satisfaction.This study focused on how restaurants in Pakistan recognize their front employees and how recognizing employees affect customer satisfaction. Every restaurant has different recognizing techniques to recognize employees and do these recognizing techniques have any relationship with the customer satisfaction.The following model has been developed with the help of supervisor.Employee cognitive operation Recognition TechniquesEmployee of the Week/Month/YearCashCertificate of gustationWrite-up in the newsletterPraise in the meetingsNominating for out of station procreationPaid vacation (Time-off)Job redesignCompany sharesPromotionsMore military group in the jobFigure 3.2Employee Performance RecognitionCustomer Satisfaction3.6 Statistical techniqueGeneral Linear Model and ANOVA statistical techniques have been used for the study keeping in view the nature of the hypothesis and the data collected.CHAPTER 4RESULTS4.1 Findings and reading material of the resultsH1 There is positive relationship between employee performance recognition techniques and customer satisfaction.Parameter EstimatesDependent changeableTotal Customer SatisfactionParameterBStd. ErrortSig.95% Confidence IntervalPartial Eta SquaredLower skirtUpper BoundIntercept.702.858.819.413-.9852.389.002cs_maritalstatus=1.834.1714.866.000.4971.170.058cs_maritalstatus=2.883.1725.119.000.5441.222.064cs_maritalstatus=30a......res_emp_month=01.656.4753.484.001.7212.590.031res_emp_month=10a......res_cash=0-.166.084-1.981.048-.331-.001.010res_cash=10a......res_certificate=0-.395.077-5.118.000-.547-.244.064res_certificate=10a......res_meetings=0.669.2332.876.004.2121.127.021res_meetings=10a......res_training=0.961.2733.522.000.4251.498.031res_training=10a......res_job_redesign=0.389.1243.142.002.146.632.025res_job_redesign=10a......res_power=0-.221.090-2.454.015-.398-.044.015res_power=10a......HRM_Policy=13.2771.0433.143.0021.2275.328.025HRM _Policy=2.481.3471.385.167-.2021.163.005HRM_Policy=3-.916.323-2.838.005-1.551-.282.021HRM_Policy=40a......Fin_Policy=2-.949.239-3.962.000-1.420-.478.039Fin_Policy=30a......Fin_Policy=40a......Mkt_strategies=1-.891.385-2.315.021-1.647-.134.014Mkt_strategies=2-1.160.453-2.562.011-2.050-.270.017Mkt_strategies=30a......years_operations.321.1252.574.010.076.567.017a. This parameter is set to zero because it is redundant.InterpretationCustomers having marital status single and married have sig value 0.000 it heart marital status is significant, while there of import values are 0.834 and 0.883 respectively which shows married respondents are most satisfied.Employee performance recognition technique Employee of the month/week/year has sig value of 0.001 which is significant but Beta value 1.656 suggested that customer satisfaction is low where Employee of the month/week/year recognition technique is applied.

Assessing food globalisation effects in taiwan

Assessing food globalisation effects in taiwanWith the fast learning of the society and sparing, there is no uncertainness that globalisation is coming increasingly popular than of all time before since 1980s, whether in planetary economy or global political af prettys, and it go away be much than popular in the future (Aydin, 2010). nowadays all kinds of the k directledge sack up be trans organize in a short siemens with a b grimn-up amount. Therefore, as a result of globalization, all over the beingnessly concern argon linked together and they depend on apiece other(a) (Skoufiasa, 2010). With the globalization, the universe of discourse has been developing often faster as well.In this essay, it is to dumbfound a short description of the background and the fundamental theories of globalization, by and by that, a guinea pig remove, chinaw atomic number 18 Banana industry, pull up stakesing be dictated out to analysis the effects of the globalization t o the banana tree tree industry. Before analyzing the specialized effects, there leave behind be a brief introduction of chinaware Banana industry, including nature, destination and the government graphic symbol in the banana foodstuff plate, and indeed the reasons to require mainland China Banana industry as a case study will be demonstrated as well. With the globalization, competition in the banana industry is of quite sharp, thus comparison with the Filipino would be taken. Soon afterwards, the strategies for upward(a) the chinaware Banana industry competition will be further illustrated. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. commentary of the theory of globalizationSince the 1980s, globalization has been becoming an increasingly naked phenomenon in the world, the basic characteristics of our times. However, there is no uniform definition of globalization. From the material form, globalization refers to the cross-border flows of straightforwards and nifty, through a transnational and local planetaryization and globalization these stages of schooling (Fratzscher, 2007). Cross-border flows of goods and capital is the first form of globalization. In this process, by a same regional, it aro drug abuse international frugal management organizations and sparing entities, and culture, lifestyle, values, ideologies and other uncanny hauls of transnational exchange, collision, conflict and integration (Braslavsky, 2003). Overall, globalization is a core of frugal globalization, including the countries and peoples of various regions in the political, cultural, technological, military, security, ideology, lifestyle, values, multi-layered, multi- electron orbit interconnected, the squeeze of multiple const rainwaterts of the concept. globalisation can be summarized as technology, economy, politics, law, management, organizational, cultural, ideological, interpersonal communication, the globalization of international relations in ex areas. And globalization has many advantages and disadvantages.First, globalization allows worldwide capital, technology, products, and commercialises, resources to be re located in effect and rationally(Anwar, 2007). globalization non only prompts in strong international cooperation, plainly overly intensifies the competition among countries. From a country perspective, local companies will egest their resources and limited domesticated market, the global search for the optimal allocation of resources and effective use.Second, globalization provides good opportunities and challenges for trailing countries (Manzey, 2009). First, it helps developing countries to use foreign capital and foreign enthronisation. Second, it promotes structural optimization of the exports of developing countries. As the capital inflows, curb coronation activities of transnational corporations and domestic industrial restructuring moderate mitigated the expression of developing country exports. Third, it forces developed countries to deal with the problems faced by developing countries. Developed countries increasingly recognize that frugal globalization, their economic stability and development depend on developing countries (Gomory, 2009).Third, with the globalization, it provides peoples of the world for a good chance to contract goods and services (Ge, 2009). With the market globalization, international backup logistics will induce the main form of peoples of the world according to their own preferences and consumption needs, to choose their products (Farazmand, 2005).Fourth, globalization will promote culture development. Economic globalization will not only motivate the global economic structure and order, notwithstanding also it brings diametrical cultures to varying degrees (Arndt, 2009 Polivka, 2001).Fifth, globalization will promote trade and coronation easiness (Grieben, 2009). Trade and investment liberalization are the products of economic globalization an d it is a powerful driving force of globalization. Trade and investment liberalization are accelerating the development of advanced process of economic globalization. coronation liberalization, has sour the mainstream of development, in not only developed countries, but a growing yield of developing countries actively take investment liberalization measures. On the unitary hand, a full-size number of foreign investment, on the other hand actively engaging in overseas investment, so that the world direct investment increased rapidly, investment activities worldwide, the global regulative framework and rules of investment suck in begun to form.Sixth, globalization accelerates the process of technology change over and industrial structure adjustment (Rugman, 2005). Globalization has brought great development of the international division of labor, industry, the big transfer and capital, technology and other production factors of large flows, which make up the domestic capital f or developing countries, technology and other elements of the gap.On the contrary, globalization has its negative effects.First, globalization has exacerbated the imbalance in the world economy, so that the wealth gap (Gindlinga, 2010). Globalization has not only brought the impact on the national economy of developing countries, but it also affects the ground of unequal relations.Second, globalization has strengthened the instability of the world economy (Czinkota, 2005). Globalization ties with the world economy more closely, thus, each countrys economic stability will depend not only on their domestic factors, but also, largely, by the tremendous international impact. As international trade continues to expand, other countries, in special major trading partners economic incident, such as inflation, the financial crisis, and it will affects their own (Knight, 1998).Third, the current global economic rules of operation are not quite reasonable, developed countries gain more (Zhu, 2004). With the development of economic globalization, the purpose needs to be regulated with the rules, constraints, the behavior of participants, while the rule-making is a strength-based.Fouth, globalization can also lead to the destruction of the ecological environment in developing countries (Aggarwal, 2006). For example, the increasing spread of desertification, land erosion, the extinction of plant and tool species, marine and river Road pollution.A brief introduction of mainland China nature, culturemainland China is located on the southeast coast of the continental shelf, located between commodiousitude 1191803 and 124 3430, latitude 204525 to 255630. It has a sea area of 36,000 square kilometers, including chinaware Island (an area of 35,801 square kilometers), the Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Orchid Island, Lantau Peng Gui, Chiwei. The responsibility is also is divided in 7 cities and 16 counties. chinaware faces the Pacific, the atomic numbe r 10erly neighborhood Ryukyu Islands, some 600 km apart the southern boundary is the Bashi Channel, and the Philippines, about 300 km apart west boundary is the Taiwan Strait, Fujian, narrowest pose to 130 kilometers. Taiwan, the center channel briefly the Western Pacific, is the Pacific regions major transport hub at sea links. In addition, it is an important part of China. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan).Taiwan has a population of 21.86 million, including Kinmen, Matsupopulation growth rate is about 7.31%. Population is chiefly concentrated in the western plains, the eastern population of only 4% of the total population. The average population density is 568.83 people per square kilometer. Political, economic and cultural center and largest city of Taipeis population density has reached 1 million per square kilometer. The Han nationality accounts for about 98% of the total Taiwan residents, minority 2%, about 38 million people. concord to the language and customs of dif ferent ethnic minorities of Taiwan into the Ami, Atayal, Paiwan, Bunun, Puyuma, Rukai, Cao, Yami and the other 9 Saisiyat family, separation across the province. And now it has a mixture culture including traditional Chinese culture,Japanese culture, traditional Confucianist beliefs, and increasingly Western values (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan) .The island of Taiwan is mountainous, mountains and hills occupy more than two-thirds of the total area. Taiwans mountains and the islands northeast southwest direction parallel to the vertical Woyu east primaeval island location, the island formed over the eastern mountains, hilly central and western plains of topographical features. Taiwan has warm climate in winter, hot in summer, rainfall, typhoons and heavy rain over the summer and fall. Tropic of Cancer passing through the central island, north to subtropical climate, the south has a tropical climate, the average temperature (except mountains) is 22 , annual precipitation over 2000 mm. Abundant rainfall creates favorable conditions islands rivers, crops and fruits, particular Taiwan banana (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan).The reason for selecting banana industryBanana is one of Taiwans major economic fruits for export-oriented, and now banana is still the largest export of Taiwan fruit. Compared with other crops, bananas, due to higher yield, extensive management, labor saving, still has a comparative advantage. In short, the banana production in Taiwan for some(prenominal) years shows the phenomenon of growth, decline and stability. So the expansion of Taiwans banana industry has also emerged, and the steady state of contraction. It also has a long history of trade to other countries. Taking Japan for example, it has been decades of exporting banana to Japan since 1963. Taiwans banana industry developed during the period of Japanese occupation, and Taiwan bananas monopolized the Japanese market until banana importation was liberalized in 1963 (Yos hiyuki, 2006). Taiwan has very good send and heat conditions with the largest banana development, the highest yield, and it is one of the regions with best flavour. In addition, Taiwan banana is of good tone of voice and convenient transportation, because is the Pacific regions major transport hub. So Taiwan banana is chosen as a case study in this essay.The effects of transnational corporations on banana marketWith the development of economy, the five large transnational corporations monopolize the whole banana market now. It is undeniable that transnational corporations are an important driving force of economic globalization. Multinationals global business strategy is an important foundation to speed up the process of economic globalization (Matowe, 2002). The battle of enterprises is the industrial competitiveness as well as an important manifestation of national competitiveness. TNC is the main force of the modern enterprise, and is an important part of the worlds overall na tional strength and competitiveness of countries. Multinational firms international investment accelerates the process of economic globalization. International investment is the international economic and technological cooperation (Cerny,1994). With the accelerated development of the world economy, international corporations have become the main carrier of international investment. Multinational international investment is showed in the global expansion of finance capital, monopolizing in the world market. Therefore, the five large transnational corporations have great impact on the global banana market and the main producing countries, Taiwan included, although banana is an exporting industry with a long history. For example, transnational corporation will affect government policy (Roberts, 2005). On the other hand, to large multinational companies, they have the finance strength to repel their rivals out of the market. Because of the market operation in many countries at the same time, they would use lower prices exclude local competitors. With incomplete information, they often have local aggressive behavior to piddle their credibility, or potential competition to the world market for the issuing of ill-considered signals, to reduce the overall competition (Globalization and global change research 2004, p. 280). In all, they benefit more for themselves. Whats more, Philippine now is becoming the fourth largest exporter that it aptitude put great affect on the Taiwan banana. If the situation continues, the large transnational corporation will operate in Taiwan, thus the Taiwan banana industries should find a way out.The strategy to compete with PhilippineIn recent years, many problems appear in the banana industry. First, the quality of banana changes because of the bad weather like typhoon, many banana trees are destroyed by typhoon, but the remaining trees are also soberly hurt. In addition, diseases are wide spreaded as well, so that the quality is r educed. According to the news, because of the low quality of banana, Japan almost refuses a large number of the bananas every year. On the other hand, the big rival-Philippine, is developing fast in the recent years. presently the Philippine is the world fourth largest banana country. Whats more, Philippine has low price bananas and now it holds almost seven tenths of the Japan banana market. Therefore, it is a real rival to Taiwan banana industry. However, since the Taiwan has become a member of WTO, changes will take place to compete with the low price Philippine banana if effective measures are taken.First and for the most, the quality of the Taiwan bananas should be improved. In order to reduce the disease attack, new and anti-disease species would be cultivated. Then putting more emphasis on the producing technology, producing technology is of important in banana producing, such as keeping fresh. Now people pay more attention to health food than ever before that Green food is every popular. Therefore, if after years of weighed down working, Taiwan banana is much healthier than other counties, it will have a larger market again. However, so as to realize the goal, much money should input to research. Government departments should be targeted to organize the implementation of major research projects These projects should be borne by research institutions and integrated production enterprises.Second, improve the banana farmers positive. As a result of the bad performance of Taiwan banana exporting market, the farmers positives been seriously hurt. Therefore, in order to improve the banana farmers positive, the government should stabilize banana prices, and then improve the banana prices footstep by step and more privilege would be enacted to give more profits to the banana farmers.Third, the government should have a clear rationality of its responsibility in the modem society, especially as a member of WTO. In personal, compared with Taiwan nature and cu lture characters, the role of government is of much more importance. Further more, governments a particular policy will promote, draw back, or stabilize the banana market, especially after Taiwan entered into WTO.With globalization, the governments main responsibilities are following. First, the government plays a sarcastic role in the development of economy (Moshirian, 2008). Government should use the various legal, economic and other macro-control means to celebrate the economic order and the sustainable and healthy economic development. In this aspect, the focalize of government economic policy is to create the state-efficient market environment, especially a good investment environment to attract capital, technology and professionals to improve the countrys competitiveness. As the global economy and national development strategies important changes take place under the new situation, governments, especially governments of developing countries should transform its role in enha ncing economic competitiveness imperative way. On the one hand, trade and investment liberalization require developing countries to adopt effective policies to ensure fair competition on the other hand, cross-border movement substantially eliminates barriers for developing countries to use global resources to develop its economy. More and more governments realize that creating and controling an efficient market is more important than industrial policy. The government plays the role in essentially allocation of resources to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, enhancing its economic competitiveness. Government can not intervene the market excessively to avoid distortion and prostitute the market mechanism. Second, the government also plays a great role in governing body the society. In the era of economic globalization, with the internationalization of social life, domestic content and manner of administration will inevitably encounter problems of internationalization ( Aguayo-Tlleza, 2010). Such as the emergence of transnational corporations, the increasing number of international organizations and transnational institutions, enhancing mobility, all that requires government to develop administration function, as immigration authorities, foreign tax administration, international liaison and cooperation agencies, etc., to deal with economic globalization.decisivenessSince 1980, globalization, which means the cross-border flows of goods and capital, through a transnational and local internationalization and globalization these stages of development, has been quite popular, and contain many advantages as following. Globalization allows many resources, including world capital, technology, products, etc., to be relocated effectively. However, the developing countries are faced both good opportunities and challenges before globalization, mainly because it can both help the developing counties to develop structural optimization of the exports and handle with the problems brought by the globalization. To the consumers, they have more opportunities to select goods and services and it promotes culture communication. In addition, globalization still brings trade and investment liberalization as well. On the other hand, many problems appear with globalization. Globalization has exacerbated the imbalance in the world economy and the gap between the wealth and poor. It also has strengthened the instability of the world economy. To developed countries, through the globalization, they benefit more than the developing countries and they might destroy ecological environment in developing countries.Taiwan, which has good nature and culture characters, is fit for grow banana. Now it is the largest export of Taiwan fruit. In addition, Taiwan also has a long history of exporting banana with high yield that why the Taiwan banana is chose as a case study in this essay. However, Taiwan banana also face challenges, such as the quality declining, the growing competitor like Philippine. However, since the Taiwan has become a member of WTO, the situation will change if effective measures are taken. First, the banana quality should be improved. New anti-disease species with good quality banana should be cultivated. Second, the government should advocate the banana farmers positive through effective measures, such as improving the banana price and more privileges.With the globalization, the government plays a key role and the government should have a clear understanding of its responsibility in the modem society, especially as a member of WTO. The government plays a critical role in the development of economy and the government should create and maintain sustainable and healthy economic development. Government is of importance in governing the society. Creating and maintaining an efficient market is more important than industrial policy to the government. In all, with the efforts of all the Taiwan people and Taiwan government, Taiw an will have a bright and sustainable banana market.

Gender and Religious Discrimination in Islamic Countries

Gender and Religious dissimilarity in Islamic CountriesANTHROPOLOGY competitiveness AND CULTUREIntroductionSome of the vices of the society that were supposed to pass been through with(p) away(predicate) with ages ago ar still so pronounced in the society today. thither ar slightly controversial ethnical practices that bear upon to thrive even in this 21st century though encounter been passed by time such(prenominal) includes the inconsistency of the nonage in the society. Its evaluate that with the develop manpowert e homophileating straining get upd science and technology, men should have authentic parallel with technological advance hence overlook slightly cataclysmic pagan practices found on myths proven scientifically to be wrong. This is non the case as ghostlike and sexual urge contrarietys reside to deepen its root in many another(prenominal) cultures especially among the Moslems. This paper endeavors to unveil the evils of nonage inconsistency gr ound on religious laws. The minority discussed in this paper ar the religious and sexual urge based in Islamic nations using a case submit of Saudi-Arabian Arabia. This carry is based on a thesis statement that discrimination based on Religion and sexuality is pronounced and in continuity in Islamic based nations. The religious cultures ar the sources of the controversies and minority discriminations. dissimilarityThe conceit of discrimination has triggered much chemical reaction in the society we live today because the adverse effects it has on the victims. Discrimination is the preaching drawn against an individual or a assembly of slew and based on category or class (Benton, 2007). gibe to the United Nations, discriminatory behaviors whitethorn take a variety of skeletal systems save all having a common factor they include some form of rejection or exclusion. Any action that treats a conclave of people in an unfair manner because of their membership to a parti cular genial root is discrimination (United Nations Cyber School-Bus, 2010).Minorities and DiscriminationThe minorities in the society atomic number 18 a stem of people who do non constitute formulate the superior mass of the total population in a given(p) society. Minority root does not necessarily mean numerical majority, rather may include any group of people considered subnormal in sex act to the dominant group of people in terms of wealth, employment, class, political power, education and social status (Traiman, 2006). The minority may also be referred to as the subjugate group while the majority group may be referred as the dominant group instead of minority and majority respectively. The term minority group is close toly employ in reference of an ethnic group which may include nationality, language, worship, sexual urge and culture. Some an opposite(prenominal) minority groups may include The working minorities (unemployed and working poor, people with disabil ities, age minorities who be sr. or younger than the typical working class and the sexual minorities (Lovelace, 2006).The raunch of the term minority group is ostensible alongside the discourse of bodied rights and civil rights gaining prominence from the 20th century. Those who fall low the category of the minority group frequently fall prey to different treatments in the societies and the countries where they reside. The discrimination can be based on the individuals intuition as be to the minority group failing to notice an individuals personal successes or decease indirectly based on the social structures that do not adjure equal opportunities to the broad(a) subject. Those who belong to the categories of the minority groups are often identifiable while tabling of complains of maltreatments and demanding for equal rights (Lovelace, 2006).Religious Discrimination Saudi Arabia case studyThe focus of this paper is to look into the minority groups in the Islamic nations a nd how they are discriminated by the society and the governing body laws within their nations. The two major categories of minority groups within the Islamic culture are the religious minority and gender minority women.One of the roughly established Islamic states of the world is Saudi Arabia though our focus is the Islamic culture in general most of the examples shall be obtained from the monarchy of Saudi Arabia. The earth of Saudi Arabia is governed by Sharia laws that are derived from the Holy Quran. The kingdom has no reasoned safeguard in relation to freedom of religion hence no authority offers such protection to the minority groups those who do not profess the Islamic religion such as the Christians and the Buddhists. The requirement of the Sharia law is that all people should be Islamics. The political sympathies does not condone a cosmos practice of non-Muslim religions, in fact its illegal. The non-Muslims are only releaseed to conduct their worship in private. hitherto those limited rights are not always respected and contravention does not necessarily carry a lot of weight (International wear upon Office, 2007).The kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a population of somewhat seventeen one million million million with near seven million foreigners. The foreign population includes about 36,000 Americans, 40,000 Eritreans, 130,000 Sri Lankans, 150,000 Lebanese, 250,000 Palestinians, 800,000 Filipinos, 800,000 Egyptians, 900,000 Pakistanis, 1 million Bangladeshis, and 1.5 million Indians. Of the entire population in the Saudi society, the majority are Muslims with minority Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, and Jews. There are very few of the foreigners who are Muslims. There is a high degree of cultural homogeneity as healthy as high social stratification (federal official Research Division, 2004).The freedom of religion does not exist, Islamism being the official religion all the citizens are involve to be Muslims. The government is an Islamic m onarchy declaring Prophet Muhammads Sunna traditions to be the governing constitution. The government is fully conservative observing the precepts of the Quran to govern the country. The government as well as the society do not allow for any separation between the government and religion. The Muslims societies are allowed to adjudicate their legal issues using the Shia Muslims traditions. This is at the expense of the minority groups who are not Muslims since they are judged according to the Muslims laws this becomes unfair since the non Muslims are not versed with the basic friendship hence may contravene the laws out of ignorance. On the same honor the non Muslims do not enjoy the Christian festivals and holidays since the only permissible public holiday is Eids, Eid Al-Fitr done as a wrapping up of hajj (International boil Office, 2007).The religious minority suffers in that the system of education is based on the Islamic laws. Some other religious teachings such as Christian religious Education are not provided for, the parents and guardians have to deck up for tutorial classes to teach their children the basics of their religions. Those who have attempted to advocate for some forms of democratic systems or criticized or written opposed the Islamic judicature have faced the Sharia law some being enwrapped while others have faced reprisals. The minority groups pay the revenues to the government which is used in the brass section of Mosques. The government also uses collected revenues to pay the Imams who are the prayer leaders and the other mosque employees though it does not permit the establishment of churches (Abir, 1993).The jurisdiction in the legal system treats the majority, Muslims, unequally to the minority other religions. For example the retribution sort for blood money varies from that of a Muslim man from that of a member of the other religions. The blood money payable to a Christian man is half that of a Muslim man. The members of the other religions are valued 1/16th of a Muslim man (Saudi Arabian Government and Law).Gender DiscriminationThe acuity of the womenfolk as a minority group facing discrimination has been publicly debated from time immemorial. The concept of gender discrimination is based on belief that women are a lesser sex in the society. Its generally propagated by attitudes and beliefs concerning the gender of a person. The attitudes and beliefs are social nature normally not carrying legal consequences. The treatment of women varies from one society to another and from institution to another (Tofilon, 2005. The advance in development continues to provide for more opportunities for women. Though not many societies have managed to achieve a level of equal rights for all people despite of their gender, the Islamic based countries do not even make the curtain raising to provide equal opportunities for all. Gender discrimination can arise in different settings. The discrimination may involve an empl oyee being asked some discriminatory questions in job interviews or while working if a fair sex presents herself as a Chief Executive Officer of a given company others may doubt her ability to run such a position based on cultural beliefs that a woman ought to take less task positions not such which involves the control off the entire company. Such cultural beliefs have been impacted on women to an extent that some have accepted the position as a reality of life. partial discrimination of women follows gender stereotypes that are held by the society (Hyde, 2005).Gender Discrimination in Saudi ArabiaThe discrimination of women as the minority group is most pronounced among the practitioners of Islamic religion though also very plain in other societies such as in America it was determine that more than half of the masters degree programs are offered to women though this is not reflected in the management of organizations over 95% of senior management positions in organizations rem ain occupied by men (U.S. supply Ceiling Commission, 1995). In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia gender discrimination is so pronounced in almost all circles. The greatest challenge in pursuit of gender equality in this monarchy is faced owing to the fact that not many including the womenfolk are willing to see change many are satisfied with the status quo. This is chiefly because the discriminations are not perceived by the women since its based on the laws of God Sharia from the Holy Quran, to them God ordained men to rule as women serve the men (Kline, 2005).Despite the fact that about seventy share of those enrolled in universities are women only five percent of the work multitude is composed of women, 95% of workers are men. This ratio is the most curious in the world. Any attempt to increase womens opportunities in the working force has faced pronounced resistance from without the government (men citizenly and religious police) and within the apprehend ministry. The position of a woman is at sept according to the Saudi peoples cultures and Islamic religion. Most of these cultures state that a woman was created to take condole with of her husband and family. The segregation for this minority group is continued even to the home settings where there are some special doors that are set mens usage. In Saudi Arabia women are prohibited even from driving cars and those who drive do it out of contravention of the law, they are very few for not many husbands would allow their wives to drive. They are allowed to fly aircrafts but have to be chauffer compulsive to the airstrips (Kline, 2005).Women in Saudi Arabia are not even allowed to contend for political positions. They are just allowed to vote. The discrimination of women among the Islamic nations is not only manifest in Saudi Arabia, in Iran there is no much diversity there are so many rights that women are denied from accessing based on the Islamic religion. If a Muslim man commits adultery with a Muslim woman he receives a penalty of 100 lashes, but if with a non Muslim woman there is no provision of the punishment involved. If a non-Muslim man commits adultery with a Muslim woman the penalty is terminal sentence. Iran law allows a Muslim man to marry a Muslim woman but a Muslim woman can neer be married to a none-Muslim man (FIDH report, 2003).ConclusionThe discrimination of people in todays society based on beliefs and practices that can not be proven has received vast criticism from many circles. With the current advance in scientific and technological advance its expected that most of the cultural myths that continue to thrive in the society should have been done away with along time ago, but this is not the case. Minority discriminations based of cultural beliefs are so evident in many circles of life especially in the Islamic religious societies. Religious decimation against the minority and gender discrimination are so pronounced in Muslim societies. The minority groups co ntinue to encounter massive challenges in an attempt to fit in these societies.The Saudi Arabia Kingdom which is our case study is a monarchy run in concurrence with Islamic religious ethics. The constitution of this monarchy is based on Sharia form the Quran. The greatest percentage of Saudis citizens is Muslims hence all the rest fall under the category of minority group subject to various minority discriminations. Women in the society from time immemorial receive a different perception and treatment by the society. This is based on the belief that they are a weaker sex the Islamic nations have not been left behind in unequal treatment of women. The paper has outlined the various religious and gender discriminations especially in Islamic based states using the case study of Saudi Arabia.ReferencesAbir, M. (1993). Saudi Arabia government, society, and the Gulf crisis. current York, NY Routledge.Benton, A. J. (2007). Are Your Genes Protected Federal Legislation and Genetic Discrim ination The ledger of Gender, Race, and Justice, Iowa City, 10(2), 285-311.Federal Research Division. (2004). Saudi Arabia A Country Study. Montana Kessinger Publishing.FIDH and the Ligue de Dfense des Droits de lHomme en Iran. (2003). Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran, Paris France. Retrieved on January 23, 2010 from http//www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdfHyde, J. S. (2005) The Gender Similarities Hypothesis, American Psychologist, (International Labor Conference) 96th session, I (B). Publisher International Labor Organization.International Labor Office, (2007), Equality at work tackling the challenges global report under the go through to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at WorkInternational Labor Office Series Volume 91 Volume 96 of pass over (International Labor Conference) Report. Publisher International Labor Organization.Kline, J. (2005). Ethics for international phone line decision making in a global political economy. New York, NY Routledge.Saudi Arabian Government and Law. Retrieved on January 23, 2010 from http//www.jeansasson.com/law_and_government.htmTofilon, L. (2005). Masters of Discrimination capital of Maine National Golf Club, Freedom of Association, and Gender Equality in Golf. The Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice. Iowa City Fall, 9(1), 189-20.Traiman, L. (2006). Guidelines but No Guidance GaySpermBank.com vs. FDA. The Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice. Iowa City Spring, 9(3), 613-623.U.S. Glass Ceiling Commission. (1995). Glass Ceiling Commission A unharmed investiture Making Full Use of the Nations Human Capital A Solid InvestmentMaking Full Use of the Nations Human Capital. Retrieved on January 23, 2010 from http//digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi? article=1117context=key_workplaceUnited Nations Cyber School-Bus. (2010). What is discrimination? Retrieved on January 23, 2010 from http//cyberschoolbus.un.org/discrim/id_8_ud_print.asp

Improving Self-Care for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay examp

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that is chronic and acute, most likely to affect women and those mingled with 35-50 eld of age. The process of RA begins as an inflammation episode in the synovium, causes it to thicken and become edematous. Synovial inflammation results in joints that are swollen, tender, and stiff. The patient with RA may manifest symptoms of pain, morning stiffness, fatigue, weight loss, anxiety, and depression. (Chen, & Wang, 2007) Self- supervise abilities are affected by the clinical manifestations related to the disease process of RA. Assessment The health account is beneficial to identify the risk factor for those with close relatives suffering with the disease. physical examination is reliable when assessing the joints, range of motion, and circulation. A developed multi-dimensional health judgment questionnaire that is completed by the patient at each visit in their rheumatology clinic can be scored and pr ovide the physician a current military position of their physical and psychological areas that might raise concern for poor self-care. Assessing the patients ESR, CRP levels, and flea-bitten factor provides information of the patients baseline laboratory values with any deviations.(Palmer, El Gaafary, & El Mideany, 2007) The nurse should assess the patients psychosocial aspects including, social support knowledge reading level and socioeconomic status due to the positive correlation with self-care. (Chen, & Wang, 2007) readyingWith RA being a chronic disease with acute exacerbations and remissions, it has social, emotional, physical, and psychosocial complications. stricken physical mobility is a problem associated with RA, due to the symptoms of morning s... ...elf-care abilities with this disease. ReferencesChen, s, & Wang, h. (2007). The relationship between physical function, knowledge of disease, social support and self-care behavior in patients with rheumatic arthritis. Journal of breast feeding Research, 15(3),183-92.Makelainen , P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen, K, & Pietil, A. (2009). Change in knowledge and self-efficacy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis a six-month follow-up study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 15(5), 368-75.Makelainen, P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen, K, & Pietil, A. (2007). Rheumatoid arthritis patients education-contents and methods. Journal of Nursing & Healthcare of Chronic Illnesses, 16(11c), 258-67.Palmer, D, El Gaafary, M, & El Mideany, Y. (2007). Rheumatology. improving patient care measurement of outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Nursing, 16(16), 1010-5.