A research paper on cocaine Essay

Grown in the countries of sec America, with Columbia being the most productive, the genus Erythroxylum coca bush is the natural source of cocain, a central nervous stimulant. Its narrative is as rich and diverse as the great deal utilize and dealing the drug. cocain practice dates as far rearwards as the 16th century when it was utilise among Inca royalty. In the early 1800s cocain was introduced to Europe. Sigmond Freud wrote a song in its sinlessness and renowned author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote The Strange quality of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde during a six -day cocain binge. In the early 1900s cocaine was functional to consumers over the counter. Its medicinal value was a relief for toothaches and congestion. Parke Davis advised their consumers of the effectuate of cocaine by stating that it could rush the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and s frequently the sufferer insensitive to pain.The physical exertion of cocaine found its way into an separate(prenom inal) products wish well wine and the most famous of all in all, Coca Cola. Early production of Coca Cola contained 60mg of cocaine. Today, the popular soft drunkenness still uses the leaves of the Coco Bush for life just the illicit drug has been proscribedside (www.cocaine.org).The resurrection of cocaine use as a recreational drug began in the 1960s, and was employ mostly among the affluent because of its price. Movie stars, drama stars and the like give cocaine its mystique and manoeuver psychological and physical effects puddle it addictive. Changes in bound and price make cocaine far more handy and affordable. Today, there is no clear connector between the use of cocaine and education, job or socioeconomic status. cocain is slackly sold as a hydrochloride salt, a fine white powder nucleus that is commonly referred to as snow, deoxycytidine monophosphate or blow. Street dealers of cocaine commonly dilute, or cut the drug with similar looking substances like ta lcum powder or with active local anesthetics and even some ages with other stimulants like amphetamines. The purity of street cocaine, powder form, is close to 75 percentage. When the impurities of this form be removed, it is cognize as freebase or crack cocaine. cleft cocaine is easier to find and less costly to buy. Cocaine in any form cease be found in almost every town and city. enquiry studies done in 1999 showed cocaine is use by over 3.7 million Americans 12 long time old and over, with the amplyest rate among mickle 18 and 25 years of age. The use among people 35 years and sure-enough(a) also continues to rise (www.cocaine.org).The effects of cocaine depend on the route of administration, the add to sop upher of consumption, the substance ab exploiters past sense, and the circumstances under which its taken. The major(ip) routes of administration argon snorting, burgeon forthing, and smoking. Snorting is inhaling the powder form through and through with (predicate) the nasal cavity. The drug enters the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting cocaine is using a syringe to release the drug like a shot into the bloodstream. Smoking cocaine is inhaling the cocaine vapours or smoke delivering large quantities to the lungs where it because enters the bloodstream as quickly as injecting. Cocaine interferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine that is a chemical messenger of pleasure to the brain. The effects are instant and intense alone not long lasting (www.drugs.indiana.edu).The little -term effects usually make the drug substance ab user fell euphoric, energetic, and alert to their senses. It can diminution your anxiety and heighten your devolve onuality. Crack users collect described the rush as a whole luggage compartment orgasm. Or, a user can notion anxious or panic-stricken. The drug is a parody of promised land and hell. practically times the cocaine user craves other drugs. These symptoms appear quic kly and fell within a fewer proceeding or a few hours. Physically, a soulfulnesss blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, and breathing accelerate, along with pupil dialation. In larger amounts the side effects intensify. The high might include feelings of paranoia, vertigo, and muscle twitches and physically a user might experience chest pains, nausea, blurred vision. everyplace time with continued use, the effects of cocaine step by step change. Irritability, restlessness, insomnia and paranoia replace the euphoria. Physically, the long- term user entrust lose interest in sex and lose weight. Those who snort the drug don out their nasal septum while those who inject it risk the chance of contracting hepatitis or AIDS. Cocaine related deaths are often a result of cardiac handicap or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Over time, to the users tolerance, the drug provide build. To achieve the same effects as that of early usage requires larger doses of the drug. The user becomes psychologically dependent. The drug becomes pivotal to their thoughts, feelings and their free-and-easy activities.Cocaine just made you feel really mature. Then after you get done feeling really good then you start to get a Superman ego and thats the counterbalance of the end. (Drug Wars A Frontline, PBS Production) Often times, cocaine addicts develop an illicit modus vivendi to keep up with their drug habit. Cocaines influence evanesces a user to stealing from family, friends and even employers. The lifestyle of addicts becomes as corrupt as the plaques that produce and confer the product.Cocaines addiction has ii sides the love of the high and the love of the capital. The US Government has estimated that cocaine trafficking takes nearly $80 one million million million a year out of our economy. In 1990, the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) estimated about 20 Colombian organizations prevailled most of Americas cocaine supply. Annual revenues of the Colombi an drug dish out have been estimated to be 5 billion dollars. The drug combines existing today control every phase of the drug trafficking art. They manufacture, transport, get by, and pay cocaine. Like many large corporations, the business involves bankers, accountants, and lawyers, wholesalers and retailers. More special to this business the cartel payroll also includes chemists, pilots and enforcers of security (www.drugs.indiana.edu).The cartels are structured in layers, at the centralise is the cartel manager or kingbolt. Information shared among the members of the cartel is exceedingly secularized. Only a choice few are privy to all the whole shebang of the cartel. Those employees holding positions in the outer layers of the organization (the lawyers, accountants, bankers, and enforcers) reap the financial benefits of serving their bosses but are strictly put on a need to know basis. arrangements operating(a) in the unite States are referred to as cells which are se lf contained organized units.The Medillin Cartel was the first known, successful cartel of cocaine traffickers coming from Colombia. It was established in 1978 and lead by Carlos Lehder. It used violence and disincentive to stay one step forrad of the justice system. The cartel bribed police officers with money or threatened them with death if they did not honor the cartel and look the other way when they did business. The Medellin Cartel was taken knock down in March of 1984. Carlos Lehder was arrested in 1987, time-tested in the United States and sentenced to 135 years without the possibility of parole. George Jungs, the Medillin Cartels American contact, testimony against Lehder assured his conviction. In the 1990s, on the heels of the Medillin, came the Cali Cartel. They are responsible for 70-80 percent of the cocaine coming into the United States and 90 percent of that entering Europe.Instead of violence and intimidation like their counter parts, the Cali operated the ir business using a subtle approach. Law enforcement has had worry in closing the Cali operations for many reasons. Their structure is different from that of the Medillin, as is their methods of smuggling. They are much more conservative. They only deal out to people they know. The home office, which is the CEO and transgression presidents, coordinate the cells. The cells contact the buyers usually by cellular phone or beeper and arrange the time and place to distribute the drugs. Payment is made at the siemens meeting. When the deal is done, the home office is contacted and hi-fi records are kept by two (www.awesomestories.com).While the Colombians may monopolize the cocaine market, there are similar organizations in other countries. The Triads and Tongs of China, La Compania of Cuba, and the Yakuza of japan are some other major drug trafficking organizations. They have successfully invested into let American business. The one thing they all have in common United States of A merica as a customer base (www.cocainefacts.com).Cocaine touches many people on a variety of levels. It can completely change a persons personality, for the worse. It spins a web of finesse and destruction. Physically and mentally the drug tricks you from recognizing reality. euphoria tricks you into believing that the high is good, all the while the time bomb is ticking. Blowing up your head word is just a matter of time. work CitedBailey, William J. Factline on Cocaine. 1995Heller, Matthew. Addicted to Love. Los Angeles Magazine. Sept. 1999.No precedent Given.No Author Given.