Business in China Essay Example for Free

Business in China EssayThere are many cross cultural differences that would need to be taken into consideration if a US company were to expand into China. Language is an important cultural difference that has to be taken into consideration. It would be wise to reflect a native speaker. Due to various dialects and local slang a translation of something would have to be understood by all and to not smart a particular market. An American advertizement in English would be understood by all of the US but a Chinese advertisement in one of the seven Chinese dialects would not be understood by everyone in China. An American advertisement or harvest-tide info that is mistranslated could sour it off putting to consumers or investors.The legal system in China is vastly different than in the US. Corruption is rampant in China when doing line and lots times bribes are necessary in localize to ensure that your operation runs according to plan. The legal system in China is more intemp erate to navigate and overleaps neutrality as the China Communist Party is in complete control of it. The US legal system has more neutrality, transparency and it is easier to file away court cases. Bribes in the US would be completely illegal and never permissible. Gender is another cultural difference between the US and China.Gender discrepancy in China has existed throughout history and just recently laws are being passed in order to ensure equality but discrimination is politic experienced. Women are still expected to do all housework even if they have a job and they normally make less than their male counterparts. Although the posture is improving, males are more favored in business dealings. A US company would need to be hesitant in sending a pistillate executive to China to do any new dealings as Chinese companies might not be as comfortable compared to if they were dealing with a male. BThe sentry duty of products in the US is very different as compared to China. Chin a is known for their cheap goods but they come at a wellness cost as low quality standards often lead to toxic or unsafe products. Many US companies outsource their production in order to lower costs and US products are oftenrecalled due to lead or other chemicals being found in the products after they have been purchased by the consumer. In the US this would not happen due to high industry quality standards and regulations. In China companies must exactingly implement their own safety standards and monitor that they are being followed in order to ensure quality products up to standards.In the US, food and medical related products would need to follow the strict guidelines of the FDA in order to be able to sell the product on the market. In China, a food or medical product by the comparable company would not have as strict guildelines as compared to the US, but the FDA has been training Chinese companies on how to produce safer products. Products are often cheaper in price in Chi na due to cheaper labor and production. China is able to produce products on such a large scale that it further decreases the price of severally individual product. Workers are paid significantly lower wages as compared to the US. Chinese companies often receive the taxes they paid on products back if it is exported and this also keeps prices low. In the US products are not commonly advertised with a price ending in zero such as $10 or $20. kinda the product would be advertised one cent less at $9.99 or $19.99 because having the product price at the lower dollar amount makes the product seem more attractive.In China there is much strain on the luck of certain numbers and 8 is one of the luckiest number in Chinese culture and many companies use this to their advantage by advertising products with prices ending in 8. Products are often promoted very differently between the US and China. Advertisements in the US often make it seem as though a particular product such as vodka will gi ve you the venturous life of the model in the advertisement. In China, advertisements for luxury products are banned as it doesnt fit with the China Communist Partys indispensableness to promote thrifty values and not promote extravagance. In China, a company new to the market must advertise its product with an emphasis on affirming its products safety due to the rampant counterfeiting and low product safety in China. In the US, a new company to the market would advertise its product with an emphasis on its distinguishing features or cheaper price as product safety is not an issue in the US.There is a large portion of Chinas population that lives in rural areas and products have not normally marketed towards them due to the lack of infrastructure to effectively reach them. Recently, companies are marketing outside of major(ip) cities asinfrastructure is improving. This is compared to the US where the USPS can send a package to any address in the country in a few days. In the US bu sinesses utilize large semi trailers to effectively distribute large batches products across the country as all city streets are able to bear the large trucks and the US highway system reaches to every part of the country. In China, businesses send out smaller batches to each store as space is often more limited but most major cities limit the use of trucks. Shipments must then be sent by vans or cars which is less efficient.Although the power is improving, bribes are very common when doing business in China. Bribes are expected in order to cut through bureaucratic red tape. Not natural endowment bribes would put a company at a disadvantage to their competitors. Any sort of bribery or corruption is highly illegal in the US and illegal for all US companies. In the US, workers must normally be at least 16 with permission or 18 to hold a job in order to not exploit children in the workforce. Child labor is a huge problem in China due to lack of enforcement of policies. Due to povert y, families are letting their children which can be as young as 5 years old be exploited by working(a) in extreme conditions and long hours. If a US company was caught hiring child workers not only would it be ethically wrong but it would be a major hit to the companies reputation.

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

development Team Reflection EssayTraining PlanImplementing an hard-hitting readiness curriculum is necessary in order for a go with to be successful. A structured bringing up plan for Landslide limos bequeath view employees ar certified of the companys objectives and goals. According to Bradley St angiotensin converting enzymefield, the knowledge plan for Landslide Limousine will entail three key components a set of indispensablenesss assessment, types of training method actings, and training military ratings strategies. Training offers reliable training and skill to an employee about the companys prospects and procedures. Properly trained employees contri yete to a companys proceeding of goals and ultimate success. Each team member chose topics to evaluate and research effectively and apply there relevance towards the team discussion. Our first communication with Bradley Stonefield informed Atwood and Allen that he wishes to read 25 employees and have a location i n Austin, Texas. The second conversation with Mr. Stonefield led to tuition regarding the annual net revenue of negative $50,000 in his first year and a growth prediction of 5% over a couple of age. Most recently, Atwood and Allen has learned that Mr. Stonefield predicts that his annual employee turnover rate will be 10%, and his concern on equal for the training plan.The needs assessment constitutes several aspects revolving around the daily operations, one-on-one employees, environment, plaqueal and demographical breeding of a business. Operational AnalysisDesigning an operative plan for the Landslide Limousine service determines the efficiency of various aspects within the sm all business operation. The make ordinarily begins with a period of observations, the group of individuals performing the abridgment watches and takes detailed notes on a day-to-day operation of the limo business in the initial stage. logical reasoning methods assist in compiling the information u sed in the process with various mathematical models and statistical epitome. Operational analysis aims to determine whether from each one area of the presidency is contri stilling effectively to overall performance and the furthering of company strategy. Using the operational analysis to ensure that the business Mr. Bradley wants to start should align befittingly with the companys strategic plan. By examining the sure performance of the operational portion of an investment, and then measuring that against an established set of performance parameters and goals, operational analysis within the business stop reveal the companys strengths and weaknesses as well as any opportunities for improvement with the individuals he may want to hire for future employment.With all the detailed information our team gathered in order to best serve and provide the right information for this business, by conducting an operational analysis, this should seek to examine a number of functional areas w ithin the business including strategic planning, customer results, and business results, financial performance, and quality of innovation. Now, the objective process should in the main be to reassess existing processes and determine how objectives improve, how prices minimized and even, on occasion, eliminating a task. Operational analysis basis be a relatively unprejudiced process for the company and meaningful in assisting a smart business venture.Through a few manageable steps in the process, Landslide Limousine needs to assess their harvestivity and possibly reallocate investments to ensure activities within the company are in line with the small business companys strategy. Studies prove that establishing a schedule benefits the completion of the process. This process may outline the timeline and resources necessary for completing the operational analysis. Outline strategies and methods accordingly and adhere to them during the process. Collect information to provide key i nsights into actual performance in comparison with strategic planning and performance goals. Complete an analysis gap to identify and report performance, cost and benefits ground on an analysis of the actual performance data.Demographic AnalysisAccording to Bradley Stonefield, the demographic analysis that needs to be address is a proper(postnominal) population to describe the small business and its characteristics, such as income level, background checks, driving records, location and salaries. A demographic analysis is utilizable in a business plan, to describe the population where the business is located. Income level data is a steady-going indicator of residents spending power. Income positively correlates with retail expenditures in many product categories. During market evaluation, retailers look at the median or average household income, and seek a minimum number of households within a certain income mold prior to establishing a business or setting prices. Another common practice is to analyze the distribution of household incomes. Different businesses may avoid super high or low-income areas. Some specialty fashion stores tar beget incomes above $100,000. Background checks often requested by employers for job candidates during employment screening, especially on candidates seeking a position that require high security or trust.Traditionally, background checks administered by a government agency for a nominal fee, but maybe administered by private companies. Background checks can be expensive depending on the information requested. Results of a background check typically include past employment verification, credit history, Driving history for a small business aspect and criminal history. Mr. Stonefield is interested in locating a limousine company within the Austin, TX area. A small business is unlikely to dominate any particular market in a city. However, strategic use of location-based marketing can sop up you a viral hit in your suburb or st reet and this may be all it takes to double the turnover in the limousine business. Location-based work can provide the company with information about how many people check in for a certain area or business, which has go over in most often and how many people have used an offer of this kind of service.This kind of information can be very useful in assessing the success of the companys location-based marketing program. The average wage for a Limousine Driver is $12.85 per hour in the state of Texas in 2011. concourse in this job generally do not have more than 20 years experience. Pay for this job rises steadily for more experienced workers, but goes down significantly for the few employees with more than 20 years experience. Limo drivers have limited career advancementopportunities. Some acquire supervisory or management positions, while others train new drivers or receive preferred shifts. Moving into a dispatching or managerial role is another(prenominal) choice for experienced limo drivers.Organizational AnalysisOrganizational Analysis for this company is a means of measuring how the small business will do and how to identify ways to improve the company in order to ensure success into the future of the company. A strategic way in preparing this aspect is to use the SWOT analysis. This stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. These factors make up the bulk of the way the study and be analyzed and can give a in great details a pretty good indication of how Landslide Limousine will do and how it could be expected to do move forward in the future in making profits. The results of the analysis will help Mr. Stonefield be able to make good decisions and improve any efficiencies while without making any major win overs. Strengths within Landslide services are usually the starting point for this company.Internal/ foreign factors should include a stable workforce, methods and simple strategies are a way to mainstream the total aspects of al l local business within the area is which this is a key aspect. Weaknesses can come from all different locations and can be unspecificspread. This may include develop facilities, possible inexperienced/unprofessional drivers, outdated equipment, purchasing of quality vehicles fleets, price/packages, and areas of specialties. Opportunities should include new market creations, consumer based locations, overhead, and debts. Now, threats could possibly take on another aspect within the business. These can range just from local communities services to government products/services to the rules and regulations.Individual AnalysisCertain ideals manifest in behaviors of individual members and affect group dynamics. Task functions include behaviors such as identifying tasks, coordinating, clarifying and summarizing. Individual Analysis based off different levels and/or services provided by the limousine service help to decipher if business needs are met. This type of analysis can be based o ff a wide stream of studies in business. This specific analysis can have more disadvantages than advantages needed in order to find ways to being abusiness. Learning how to work effectively in a group situation is the key to success in many professions in business. Learning key ways to get the business from crawl, walk, run phase is another way employees have the advantage of learning how the aspects of business work in the community.Environmental AnalysisThis analysis skim over can help assist in understanding the broader context in which individuals are operating in. By investing time, identifying key trends and environmental factors to obtain information for small business within the regions in which we want to base our business and all the studies that are included. Some small businesses and organizations frequently choose to review the external factors in the process, but it is key to consider the internal environment factors. These may include looking at the organizations in ternal capacities and resources, and projecting how to change in the future to meet the organization objectives.Another useful component to the analysis phase is to survey external customers in the local area and ensure all aspects of the locations are covered. Challenges observed and/or anticipated, or missed opportunities, and even basis such as how others described your individual work to get the process started may have a short-time or long-term effect. Environmental analysis uses a series of ranks and assessments in evaluating employee performance, customer satisfaction, and overhead coat are all similar factors during the first phase of the analysis.Training MethodsAppropriate training is liable to have a positive or negative affect on important issues in business. How a company conducts, training is a critical decision that every business has to make consciously. All features involved in effective training should be considered, such as, time, cost, training environment, and t raining cost. The delivery of the training is pertinent. If the delivery of the information is confusing to employees, the training does not occur properly and is a barbarian of time, resources, and capital (Ongoing Training A Method for Success, 2012). Various approaches to training are utilized and implemented.Types of MediaConsidering the impression Landslide Limousines anticipates on making, Atwoodand Allen Consulting inspires technology-based training. Technology-based learning may prove to be beneficial. Basic methods of learning through technology include interactive videos utilizing a computer in combination with a digital video (DVD). Web-based training programs or internet-streamed videos such as YouTube videos are increasing, popular tools among training methods. The aforementioned method is valuable in illustrating scenarios that the trainer would like to emphasize. These methods are conducive within a large group of people.Learning PrinciplesWhen opting to use technolo gy-based learning, companies must ensure accessibility for employees. Learning principles, considered laws of learning, are discovered, tested, and benefit practical situations ( ocean education and Training, 2010). The trainer must take in the capability of applying the principles while instructing. Most importantly, the trainer needs to be clear on the objectives of the training, and relate it to the work environment. There are three types of learners ocular, hearing and hands-on. Atwood and Allen Consulting recommend that Landslide Limousine combine the training methods and perform more interactive learning experiences that will accommodate the three types of learners.Using what the military medicine has called for years See one, do one, teach one (Naval education and Training, 2010). The trainer will teach the skill so the employees can see it, then the employees will point their knowledge displaying their proficiency, finally the employee will teach a new employee. Those tha t teach, learn. Trainers will be inclined to become familiar with the material, recall it accurately, and apply it effectively. This method is cost effective in the sense that when there is a time one employee must carry out the tasks of another, therefore causing no interruptions in business. This method works best for companies that are just beginning.Training for learning skills or factThe required training conducted is for skill and fact. The training enhances knowledge of skills that enforce pertinent facts, in reference to training.Effectiveness of MethodsThe effectiveness of the methods of instructions can be verified by how the employee perform their duties, by employees questionnaires and/or testing,and by comments make by the trainers themselves (Naval Education and Training, 2010). The effectiveness of these methods displayed through the performance of the employees.Training Evaluation StrategiesEvaluation on training is of utmost importance. Here is where a business le arns of training that works versus training that is of no use to the organization. In order to evaluate specific training, addressing certain questions alleviate concerns of risk in that course of training. Potential questions are Did the trainees learn a specific skill, knowledge or performance? Did change occur and was it related to the training?Are the changes positively reflecting in productivity and to achieving organization goals? Will these changes occur with a different set of trainees using the same training criteria? (Chapter 8, 2013) Typically, training is a trial and error system. What may work for one individual may not necessarily pertain to another type of learner. As mentioned previously, people learn in different manners. Some need visual aesthetics to increase their ability to comprehend the training. While others need a more tactile experience and participate in the training. This is not an entirely new concept and has developed over the last decade to include the use of technology to enhance learning. The same can be said for training and evaluation strategies. The idea behind training evaluation is to recognize the criteria of the training are met within the company. Using pretests to determine a suitable new hire reassures current employees that the individual grasps the goals and concepts of the business.An example of a pretest is as simple as an application, a resume or orientation. All of this information allows management to decipher an individual based on experiences. Once training is underway, management will monitor and observe the associates reactions and the trainers methods of approach. This segment is extremely important considering the trainer. If the trainer does not ascribe with the class or leads them astray and off topic, the training becomes worthless and consumes the organizations time and money. The trainers obligation shall remain cost effective to the company and stay on task to complete the training in a time effici ent manner. Aside from management monitoring and observing, feedback is equally important, and cancome from employees, supervisors, managers, and customers.Collecting feedback for an organization is conducted a number of ways. Suggestion boxes placed randomly around the business provide anonymous suggestions from individuals employed in the organization or from customers who believe change is necessary. Feedback is also collected verbally either in a group of employees or individual basis. Sending surveys to clients containing pertinent information to the limousine service allows them to feel connected to the business and builds trust. The implementation of the feedback is the most important aspect to changing the current operational standards of the business. Managers need to rise above the concept of if its not broken, dont fix it. Business evolution is constant and technology increases daily allowing change to bechance more frequently, and not because its broken, but because a n ew element has become known and can be a useful tool in training.ReferencesEmail from Traci Performance Management Plan. (2015). Retrieved from University of Phoenix https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/Materials/IP/curriculum/sb/HRM531/assignments/week5/intro.asp Naval education and Training. (2010). Personal Qualification Standards for Master Training Specialist. NAVEDTRA 43100-7C Ch. 1. Retrieved from Naval education and Training website Ongoing Training A Method for Success. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.lctmag.com/operations/article/41017/ongoing-training-a-method-for-success http//www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes533041.htmhttp//education-portal.com/articles/Salary_and_Career_Info_for_a_Limo_Driver.html http//www.studymode.com/essays/Individual-Analysis-Of-Working-In-a-712116.html

High Level Programming Language Of Java Computer Science Essay

High Level schedule Language Of burnt umber Computer Science Essay coffee berry applied science is a conclave of weapons platform quarrel and a platform. This technology supports the state of art schedules assisting the games, utilities also services related to the business natural coverings. As of 2012, burnt umber was one of the most important and treasured classing language, in particular for client-server based diligences, with much than 10 million users. deep brown has become the most important part of performance operations for hemorrhoid of applications and websites. Without coffee berry being installed, it might not be able to run or operate them, as it erects lots secure, speed and efficiency.The coffee programming language is an authentic and object-oriented high take language. This language evolved from a language called Oak, which was developed in early 90s as a mode of communication involved in entertainment appliances such as video games animation a lso in VCRs. umber is also addressed as interpreted language because of its byte decree, which is created by the compilation of source code. This compiled source code is interpreted by JVM and is then converted to a machine dep nullifyent code which is also called as endemic code.The high-altitude programming language of Java is characterized by all of these following listed buzzwordsSimpleArchitecture neutral bearing orientedPortableDistributedHigh performance interpretMultithreadedRobustDynamicSecureWith most programming languages, you either collate or depict a program so that you rout out run it on your computer. But, Java is particularly designed to reduce the number of dependencies as less as possible, during the process of implementation. The Java programming language is unusual, wherein a program is twain compiled and interpreted. With the compiler, first program is first translated into an intermediate language called Java byte codes -the platform-independent codes i nterpreted by the interpreter on the Java platform. The interpreter determines and runs apiece Java byte code instruction on the computer. Compilation happens entirely once interpretation occurs each while the program is executed. The following figure illustrates how this works. description g1Fig 3.3 .1Java is an Object oriented Programming concept which guides us to the core ideas concepts behind object-oriented programming such as Objects, messages, classes and interests. A clear picture of what ar they, why you would necessitate to write one and how to write is described clearly using the interfaces inheritance, which are few among those object-oriented concepts of Java.You can cogitate of Java byte codes as the machine code instruction manual for the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM). Every Java interpreter, whether its a discipline tool or a Web browser that can run applets, is an betrothal of the Java VM. Java byte codes help make write once, run whatsoeverwhere poss ible. The program can be congregated into byte codes on any platform that has a Java compiler. The byte codes can then be run on any implementation of the Java VM. That means that as long as a computer has a Java VM, the alike program written in the Java programming language can run on Windows 2000, a Solaris workstation, or on an iMac.Description helloWorldFig 3.3.2The Java PlatformA platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program is set to run. The makers construct applications to correspond the actual requirements of users. An application may be created to provide service for one user at a time, many users at once or redden to serve users at different locations at any disposed time. This platform of Java apprehends the variant challenges that are generally faced by the developers and gives out a proposal of various selects of different technologies based on necessity of users motivations. The dickens important aspects of this Java platform are the Java runtime environment (JRE) and the Java maturation Kit (JDK). The Java runtime environment when equipped on to a computer provides the operating remains with the means to run the programs of Java, whereas Java Development Kit is the combination of the tools that are being apply by a programmer creating the Java based applications.The Java platform versions contain additional Java APIs for generating various types of applications such as Java Standard edition, Java Enterprise Edition Java Micro Edition. Java standard edition (Java SE) helps in creating desktop applications applets. essentially this application is created to serve small number of users at once. Java enterprise edition (Java EE) is mended for complicated applications to make it more suitable for both medium and Brobdingnagian business units, and this is designed as server based application so as to focus on serving the needs of more number of users at a time. Java Micro Edition is implemented on mobile and entre nched devices such as PDA, Printers, tuner box, Cell phones, etc.Weve already mentioned nearly of the most popular platforms like Windows 2000, Linux, Solaris, and MacOS. Most platforms can be characterized as an amalgamation of the operating system and hardware. The Java platform varies from most new(prenominal) platforms in that its a software-only platform that runs on top of other hardware-based platforms.The two components of Java platform areThe Java Virtual Machine (Java VM)The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)Java VM is already introduce in previous sections as a base for the Java platform and is ported onto various hardware-based platforms.The Java API is a abundant assembly of ready-made software components that contributes many useful capabilities, such as graphical user interface (GUI) wid modernizes. The Java API is grouped into libraries of related classes and interfaces these libraries are know as packages.The next section answers, What burn down J ava Technology Do?This Section highlights what functionality some of the packages in the Java API will provide.The following figure given below depicts a program thats running on the Java platform. As the figure shows, the Java API and the virtual machine shields the program from the hardware.Description g3Fig 3.3.3Native code is code that after the completion of compilation, the compiled code is further processed or run on specific hardware platform. As a platform-independent environment, the Java platform is relatively slower compared to that of native code processing. However, smart compilers, well-tuned interpreters, and just-in-time byte code compilers combination would perform very close to that of native code without menacing the portability.What Can Java Technology Do?The most common types of programs written in the Java programming language are applets and applications. If browsed through net for related data, it makes it much easier and reliably familiar with applets cont ext. An applet is a program that sticks to particular type of conventions that allow the Java enabled browser to run the applications faster. However, the Java programming language is not just for writing cute, entertaining applets for the Web. The general-purpose, high-level Java programming language is also a powerful software platform. The generous API can also be employ to write different types of programs. Being a strong and most used programming language in day to day activities, the features gained by implementation of Java platform are development tools, Application programming interface (API), deployment technologies, user interface toolkits integration libraries. These features provide all necessary tools needed for compiling, running, monitoring, debugging, and documenting the applications.API was the key provider of core functionality which provided a vast cluster of useful classes ready for implementation in the users applications. The core concept of API is extremely wide so as to provide the different classes that are very much necessary for creation of an applet and the further classification of these applets were used to communicate with the applet contexts. It also helped in providing the standard mechanism for extending the applications to the end users. To make the creation of complicated Graphical User Interface more simple, user interface toolkits were used such as Swing Java toolkits. To nurture an easy access to the database and collaboration of remote objects integration libraries feature was used.An application is a stand-alone program that runs directly on the Java platform. A picky kind of application known as a server serves and supports clients on a network. Examples of servers are Web servers, proxy servers, mail servers, and print servers. Another vary program is a servlet. A servlet can almost be thought of, as an applet that runs on the server side. Java Servlets are a prevailing choice for building most interactive web applications, by replacing the use of CGI scripts.Servlets are much similar to applets, where in the only difference between these two is that they are runtime extensions of applications. Instead of working in browsers, the servlets run within Java Web servers, configuring or tailoring the server.How does the API support all these kinds of programs? It does so with packages of software components that provides a vast options for the functioning of applications. Every full implementation of the Java platform gives you the following featuresThe essentials Objects, strings, threads, numbers, input and output, data structures, system properties, date and time, and so on.Applets The set of conventions used by applets.Networking URLs, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Data gram Protocol) sockets, and IP (Internet Protocol) addresses.Internationalization This helps in writing the programs that can be locally in stock(predicate) for all the users worldwide. Programs can automa tically adapt to specific locales and can also be displayed in the appropriate language according to the user requirements.Security Both low level and high level, including electronic signatures, public and private key management, access control, and certificates.Software components Known as JavaBeans, can plug into existing component architectures.Object serialization This feature allows the lightweight persistence and communication via Remote Method Invocation (RMI).Java Database Connectivity (JDBCTM) Provides uniform access to a wide range of relational databases.The Java platform also has different types of APIs that includes 2D and 3D graphics, accessibility, servers, collaboration, telephony, speech, animation, and more.The following figure depicts what is included in the Java 2 SDK. Description gs5Fig 3.3.4Java Technologys Impact on UsersEven though Java technology cannot promise its users the fame, fortune, or even a job, it helps the users to learn the Java programming lang uage. Java technology is one of those programming languages which has wide acceptance all over the world, with its huge amount of important and robust features. Still, it is likely to make the programs better and requires less apparent motion than other languages which simplifies the process of understanding and implementing Java technology without any complications and confusions. Wide variety of dynamic, establishedly secured and safe independent applications can be created by implementing Java, which is the main(prenominal) reason behind that gradual and rapid increase in the number of users and it is also believed that Java technology will help in doing the following functions/actions more effectivelyGet started quickly Java being a user friendly programming language, it is very easy to write and understand. As the programming doesnt need any pointers or computer storage to be managed explicitly, passing secured applications can be used without any interruptions. Although t he Java programming language is a powerful object-oriented language, its makes the program or application easy to learn, especially for programmers already familiar with C or C++.Write less code Comparisons of program metrics (class counts, regularity counts, and so on) suggest that a program written in the Java programming language can be four times smaller than the same program in C++. Different rules of OOPs (Object Oriented Programming) like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism are followed during the processing/ while running the operation which makes Java different from other languages such C and C++.Write better code The Java programming language encourages good coding practices, and its garbage collection helps you avoid memory leaks. Its object orientation, its JavaBeans component architecture, and its wide-ranging, comfortably extendible API let you reuse other peoples tested code and introduce fewer bugs.Develop programs more quickly Your development time may be as much as twice as fast versus writing the same program in C++. why? You write fewer lines of code and it is a simpler programming language than C++.Avoid platform dependencies with 100% Pure Java You can keep your program portable by avoiding the use of libraries written in other languages. The 100% Pure Java Product Certification Program has a repository of diachronic process manuals, white papers, brochures, and similar materials online.Write once, run anywhere Because 100% Pure Java programs are compiled into machine-independent byte codes, they run consistently on any Java platform.Distribute software more easily You can upgrade applets easily from a central server. Applets take advantage of the feature of allowing new classes to be puckish on the fly, without recompiling the entire program.ODBCCommunicating with remote objects distribute over the network is set through the Java programming. It contains all required data base in its libraries with sources such as RMI and CO RBA which are very much essential to develop any network applications. All Primary data types can be considered as objects using covering classes to make Java a dully Object oriented, wherein class is considered a basic unit of Java and Objects are the entities which follow the prototypes that are defined by class.Java applications are more reliable in different ways. It helps compile time checking to identify at early stages the causes of bugs, run time checking, eliminated the use of pointers which can usually cause the corruption of memory or unnecessary access of memory, waste/garbage collection management to free the refreshed memories automatically, barring handling to handle the situation at the time of occurrence of any error and a lot more.Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard programming interface for application developers and database systems providers. Before ODBC became a defacto standard for Windows programs to interface with database systems, pr ogrammers had to use proprietary languages for each database they wanted to connect to. Now, ODBC has made the choice of the database system which is highly irrelevant from a coding perspective, which is as it should be. Application developers have much more important things to worry about than that of which syntax is needed to port their program from one database to another when business needs that sudden change.Through the ODBC Administrator in Control Panel, one can specify the particular database that is associated with a data source, wherein a ODBC application program is written to use. Think of an ODBC data source as a inlet with a name on it. Each door will lead the users to a particular database. For example, the data source named Sales Figures might be a SQL Server database, whereas the Accounts Payable data source could stir to an Access database. The physical database referred to by a data source can reside anywhere on the LAN.The ODBC system files are not installed on users system by Windows 95. Rather, they are installed when the user setup a separate database application, such as SQL Server Client or Visual Basic 4.0. When the ODBC icon is installed in Control Panel, it uses a file called ODBCINST.DLL. It is also possible to conduct the users ODBC data sources through a stand-alone program called ODBCADM.EXE. There will be a 16-bit and a 32-bit version of this program and each of them are maintained as a separate list of ODBC data sources. From a programming perspective, the beauty of ODBC is that the application can always be written to use the same set of function calls to interface with any data source, irrespective of the database vendor. The source code of the application doesnt change whether it negotiates to Oracle or SQL Server.The only two examples that can be used at this point are as follows. There are ODBC drivers available for various dozen popular database systems. Even Excel spreadsheets and plain text files can be changed over i nto different data sources. The operating system implicates the register information written by ODBC Administrator to determine which low-level ODBC drivers are needed to talk to the data source (such as the interface to Oracle or SQL Server). The loading of the ODBC drivers is transparent to the ODBC application program. In a client/server environment, the ODBC API even controls many of the network issues for the application programmer.The advantages of this scheme are various, this make the users to think that there must be some catch. The only disadvantage of ODBC is that it isnt as efficient as talking directly to the native database interface. ODBC has had various detractors make the nominate that it is too slow. Microsoft has always proved that the critical factor in performance is the quality of the driver software that is used. In our humble opinion, this is true. The availability of good ODBC drivers has alter a great deal recently. And anyway, the criticism about perfor mance is somewhat analogous to those who said that compilers would never match the speed of pure assembly language. perchance not, but the compiler (or ODBC) gives users that opportunity to write cleaner programs, which means the users can finish their programming presentlyer. This faster compilation of program or application makes the computers get faster every year.Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)JDBC is a Java-based data access technology from solarise Microsystems. . In an accomplishment to set an independent database standard API for Java Sun Microsystems developed Java Database Connectivity, or JDBC. This technology is an API for Java programming language that characterizes how a user gets access to the database. This connectivity offers various methods for challenging and updating the data into the users database. excursion from being easy to write, using the JDBC API, it is robust, secure, and automatically downloadable. Also, JDBC automatically appreciates these benefit s of Java, by virtue of being written in Java.JDBC is determined towards relational databases, and this bridge of JDBC ODBC accredits the connection to any other ODBC accessible data source in the actual JVM host ambiance. JDBC provides a comprehensive SQL database access mechanism that offers a dependable interface to a variety of RDBMSs. This consistent interface is gained through the use of plug-in database connectivity modules, or drivers. If a database vendor chooses to have JDBC support, he or she must provide the driver for each platform that the database and Java can use to run the application.To gain a wider acceptance of JDBC, Sun based JDBCs framework on ODBC. As you discovered rather in this chapter, ODBC has widespread support on a variety of platforms. Basing JDBC on ODBC will allow vendors to bring JDBC drivers to market much faster than developing a completely new connectivity solution.JDBC was announced in March of 1996. It was released for a 90 day public review that ended June 8, 1996. Because of user input, the final JDBC v1.0 specification was released soon after. The remainder of this section will cover enough information about JDBC for you to know what it is about and how to use it effectively. This is by no means a complete overview of JDBC. That would fill an entire book.JDBC concedes multiple applications to exist and to be used by the same application. To support this, API allows a mechanism for dynamically filling the reliable Java packages, followed by registering them with the driver manager of JDBC. Driver manager acts as a connection factory for developing different connections of JDBC.There are different sets of drivers for JDBC, which are client-side adapters, which is already equipped on to client system, and not on the server. These drivers then convert the requests from Java programs to a detailed protocol that can be easily understood by Data-Base management system (DBMS). These drivers of JDBC are further classified int o commercial and free drivers that are easily applicable for most of the relational database servers. The drivers usually fall into one among these typesType 1 which calls the native code of locally available ODBC driver.

Methanation in Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Production

Methanation in Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) ProductionMethanation is the work at of producing methane from H2 and CO. Methane (an odour little and colorless flub, composed of four henry molecules attached to one carbon molecule) is found in natural tout that we nookie employ in our homes for energy. Methane found in natural spoil is produced by anaerobic bacteria, which break down organic material and the waste carrefour is the natural gas. The natural gas that is sought afterwards by companies such as BP drilling for oil and gas was produced by anaerobic bacteria millions of years ago. Methane is employ in many mouldes some of which ar explained below. We will mainly con emplacementr methanation in the production of Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) as this can be used instead of natural gas which has limited resources and supply.Methanation is the reverse response of travel methane reforming. It is one of the most primal steps in ammonia congeals as the COx produced in the overall steam reforming process need to be separated from the H2, as the H2 is to be used for ammonia synthesis. This process is in addition referred to as purification methanation. The content of oxides of carbon in the production of ammonia must be reduced to a very low level to prevent gun poisoning2. After the low temperature shift (LTS) reaction and deduction of carbonic acid gas, the methanation reaction is used to remove any residual COx from the process stream before ammonia synthesis. Trace amounts of CO and CO2 ar reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel oxide catalyst to produce a mixture of methane and water. This process removes the residual 0.2-0.5% CO and 0.1%-0.2% CO2 to about 5ppm (it is brisk to in the production of ammonia to remove the COx as even a low level significantly reduces the methanation rate) by reduction to methane with hydrogen in a fixed- rump reactor, with a 15-35 wt% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst (2).This catalyst is usually prepared by impreg nating high airfoil area - Al2O3 with a soluble Ni salt. MgO can be used to impede sintering of the active Ni crystallites. For this process methanation is normally carried out in an adiabatic, fixed-bed reactor at 30 atm, with an inlet temperature of 300C and an exit temperature of 365C. This reaction is highly exothermic and the temperatures of the bed are kept below 400C so that catalyst sintering and carbon deposition is prevented. 3What is SNG?Substitute/Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) is confusable to natural gas upright now produced from combust or biomass (e.g. wood, straw, waste). It is a manufactured product which is chemically similar to natural gas. Natural gas is the worldwide fuel of choice but there is limited supply, so SNG is one of the options to overcome this. Producing SNG from biomass is as well considered to be sentiment of as green gas as it avoids extra CO2 emissions, because it is carbon neutral. SNG has many advantages some of which arethe already exist ing gas supply al-Qaida (e.g. pipelines) which allow the gas to be distributed by means ofout a country such as the USA and besides worldwidehigh conversion susceptibility competent final use technologies that are well-established e.g. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG cars), Combined Heat and Power (CHP), and Heating.What is the methanation process and how is it used in the production of SNG?CO + 3H2 CH4 + piddle The reaction between H2 and CO can produce a number of different products depending on the reaction conditions, the catalyst used and the stoichiometry of the reactants. The reaction of great touch to us is the one producing methane. This reaction over a nickel catalyst was first reported by Sabatier and Senderens (1902, 1905) and even though a lot of look for has gone into which catalyst is the best for methanation, nickel has continued as the key catalyst for methanation because of its selectivity for the production of methane, high activity, and inexpensiveness compar ed to other catalysts. Catalysts involved in methanation operate for a long time in catalyst beds and for that reason catalyst life and strength are also of major importance. Many problems such as randomness poisoning are involved with these catalysts they are mentioned in a later section of this report.5The above forward reaction is exothermic, releasing heat (the delta H determine are negative showing this) and the forward reaction is favoured by low temperature and high pressure, Product gas with a high fraction of CH4 can that be generated at low temperature (300-350C) and high pressure 20 bar.6 We also know from Le Chateliers Principle that pressure favours the side with fewer moles which in this oddball is the forward reaction producing methane and water, so a high pressure should be used.The production of methane is a fundamental step in the process of manufacturing that gas from combust to produce SNG. The typical methanation process involved in SNG consists of three f ixed-bed methanating stages that are used in series with a fixed-bed of catalyst. A single stage process can and has also been used for methanation, such as the IRMA Methanation pilot plant KFA mould, the conditions for this single stage were P = 30 bar T = 250-700C (1 stage) volumetric flow rate = 600m3 (STP)h -1, (synthesis gas) 1100 operating hours since 19817. The three stage methanation process consists ofTotal Gasification of the burn in steam, possibly with oxygen, C+H2OH2+ COChanging the dimension of H2 to CO in the product gas by the water gas shift reaction, and then removing any residual CO2. CO+H2OH2+CO2The hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reborn to methane (following the removal of damaging material to the process such as hydrogen sulphide) using a catalyst (nickel is the most reciprocal for this process as explained later in this report.). This final stage is a straight through reactor operating at lower temperature than that of the previous stages as shown in Fi g.1 below. This gives methane which contains typically less than 3% H2, 0.1% CO and has a thermal efficiency of approximately 70% for the total process. This methane produced can then be use in the production of SNG. CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O 8As the temperature needs to be go outled the product gases are recycled over the first stages with interstage cooling which prevents the temperature from increasing and also means that the process is more than cost-efficient as the gases are recycled and you dont prevail to put extra cooling in to keep the temperature from rising which saves cash. The avoiding of high temperatures also protects the catalysts, if the reaction temperature constructs too high non only is the equilibrium state of the hydrogenation reaction adversely affected but the catalyst life is shortened by sintering of the metal particles9.Fig. 1 shows the three-stage process with fixed-bed reactors and the corresponding thermodynamic equilibrium temperatures for the synthe sis gas with 10% CH4 at stage one and the desired dry product gas with more than 80% CH4. This diagram also shows that after the first stages the temperature decreases again and this is to avoid high temperatures in order to protect the catalyst but also to reach thermodynamic equilibrium at low temperatures. This is done by product gas recycling cooling as explained before.It is also classical to know that when producing SNG by methanation the CO and H2 (i.e. the reactants) will contain a lot more of the monoxide than in the methanation process used for ammonia synthesis. In ammonia synthesis only a small amount of monoxides (less than 1%) are found however in SNG production the methanation process reactants can dedicate 30-50% of the monoxide. It is also important to know that in the purification methanation even a low amount of monoxides can seriously deteriorate the methanation process by catalyst poisoning.8This picture shows the process of coal gasification, and then the pro ducts being cleaned and readied for methanation. Gasification is simply the process of producing coal gas, a mixture of CO and H2 which is known as syngas. This syngas can then be used in the methanation process producing SNG.How methanation is used in industryFrom the 1970s quite a few methanation processes have been developed which consist of fixed bed and fluidised bed methanation. Most of the methanation processes used in industry use fixed bed reactors (used for the methanation in ammonia production, described before) as they are the most common cause of reactor used in industry for many reasons such as having the simplest multi-phase reactor configuration where the solid phase is stationary and complications arising from the second phases mixing modality are not present.10 However, some processes use fluidised bed reactors also as fluidized bed methanation presents the advantage of vertical heat transfer from the process gas side to the cooling medium and the advantage of p articular simplicity when exchanging the catalyst in case of catalyst poisoning or catalyst deactivation.11 The choice of the reactor also depends on the size of the reactor needed and the follows of setup and operating (does it need to be cleaned regularly or not as this costs money ad stops production).One of the biggest plants to make SNG from coal-derived syngas was started up in 1984 the Great Plains Synfuels Plant of Dakota Gasification Co. which cost $2.1billion was the only SNG plant of that scale operating in the world. The plant uses Lurgi GmbH gasifiers (a steel construction where around each time 8 tons of coal is fed into a compartment at its top, known as a coal lock, which is then sealed with a gas being fed into it ahead of the bottom of the lock opening to feed coal, in this plant the coal is brown coal which is 60-70%carbon, into the body of the gasifier, this builds up high pressure and the high pressure and temperature feed of steam and oxygen in the gasifier de compose the lignite to produce syngas). The syngas is then deepened to SNG using DPT methanation catalysts. This plant produces approximately 153 million ft3/day of SNG which is piped throughout the US. This facility has also implemented CCS (carbon capture and storage) and as of the end of last year (31/12/2009) it has captured more than 17.4 million m.t. of CO2.12As you can imagine $2.1billion is a lot of money and was worth even more in 1984 showing that using methanation to produce SNG is not a small venture but a major player in the search for more fuel as the worlds gas and oil militia are depleting. In 2009 the plant produced $264.7 million worth of SNG out of total revenue of $426.1 million. The operating costs for this plant (including maintenance) were $38,504,111.13This shows that the investment of $2.1billion was a really good decision not only in monetary value of producing SNG from methane but also a really great business return.FIGURE 3 DPTs methanation process is a refinement and further development of the Catalytic Rich Gas (CRG) process, which was first developed by British Gas Corp. in the late 1960s to convert naphtha into town gas. The process involves several methanator reactors in series, with heat recovered from the exothermic reaction (CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O) used to raise high pressure superheated steam and to preheat the feed. severally reaction stage consists of a fixed bed of CRG catalyst operating adiabatically.12However, new and more efficient processes are being implemented in industry, that especially focus on the conversion of biomass, such as the Milena process in the Netherlands. The ECN (Energy Research Center of the Netherlands) has developed a biomass gasification technology with high gas efficiency and a high methane yield which allows it to be used for gas-engine applications. This process has been given the name Milena, and the product gas can be upgraded to SNG and ECN has the ambition to turn this into broad scale SNG production with an energy efficiency of 70%. This would be much needed as the Netherlands relies on 50% of its energy from natural gas (which is not renewable) so using SNG for biomass would be a substitute for this and the biomass is available in large quantities and it a lot cleaner and friendlier to the environment than natural gas.14The biomass has to be born-again into SNG by gasification and then methanation (theses processes and their outlines have been mentioned before). This allows it to reach efficiency, say from wood, up to 65% (this efficiency is calculated from the chemical energy output of SNG compared to the chemical energy stimulation of wood). Biomass (e.g. wood and straw) being used to produce SNG has the advantage over coal based SNG of being almost CO2 neutral, without CCS. Production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from coal and dry biomass.4Catalyst UsedThe main catalysts that are used as methanation catalysts are nickel or nickel supported catalysts. This is because the key catalyst properties of nickel are excellent for methanation as it has long life, high activity, selectivity for the formation of methane in preference to other hydrocarbons and the low cost compared to other catalysts. One of the main disadvantages for nickel catalysts is the sensitivity to poisoning by sulphur, other catalysts are available that are sulphur-resistant and also catalyse the methanation reaction but these are much less active than nickel resulting in a slower rate of reaction.For example, one manufacturers catalysts are formulated on Ca aluminate base with the active nickel co-ordinated in a NiO/MgO solution, this leads to negligible nickel sintering.10In catalytic methanation many promoters for nickel have been studied such as copper, zinc oxide, magnesia, iron, calcium oxide, chromia and alumina. What was found was that alumina, chromia and magnesia were the best promoters in terms of activity and thermal stability. It was also found that for th ermal and mechanical stability the best of a number of NiO methanation catalysts on supports of A12O3, a mixture of A12O3 and CaO, MgO, SiO2 and Cr2 O3 was NiO-AI2O3 containing 35% NiO.15 Many other factors are taken into consideration when choosing the catalyst for the methanation process. These are explained below(i) Sulphur poisoning.Sulphur poisoning causes the methanation catalysts, to become inactive, this is because the reactants have brought in an alien molecule and this sits on the active site, the reactants now have to compete with this poison for the active sites and this results in a loss of the active surface area therefore decreasing the rate of reaction.10(ii) Thermal stability.This reaction is highly exothermic it is very important to make sure that the reaction temperature does not become too high because it affects the equilibrium state of the reaction unfavourably and the catalyst life decreases due to sintering of the metal particles, where the particles come tog ether, decreasing the surface area compared to when no sintering took place, thus less reaction is obtained. As mentioned previously the reaction temperature for this reaction is 300C-400Cfor which the nickel based catalysts used are sufficient in terms of longevity and activity. But there are catalysts tat are able to operate at higher temperatures than nickel based catalysts and these would be even more desirable as the higher the temperature at which the heat of methanation is released the more effectively can it contribute to overall thermal efficiency of the conversion process, for example of coal to SNG, it is also worthwhile to notice that at these higher temperatures the problem of sulphur poisoning decreases due to instability of the catalyst metal sulphide9. So why is it that in industry the use of catalysts that are suitable for operation at higher temperatures are not selected and for e.g. nickel catalysts are favoured? This is due to the fact that it is not eternally f easible to use the best catalyst for the process as it may cost too much to buy.(iii) Coke formation and foulingCarbon in its noble form, or as Ni3C produced on the Nickel catalyst, causes a loss of catalyst activity9. The coke formed blocks the reactants from reaching the active sites and the fouling is caused by the reaction forming a by-product which then sits on the active site, masking it. It is possible to avoid the unwanted carbon formation in the manufacture of SNG by controlling the water gas shift reaction. This is the 2nd step shown in figure 2 previously.The cost of nickel catalysts varies as the price of nickel fluctuates. The suppliers of these catalysts do not sell just a few kilograms of the catalyst they have a minimum orders quantity, e.g. 20 tons at the rate of $15000-$30000 per ton. An example of a Methanation catalyst used in industry is the SG-9701 (the name may be fancy but it is mostly nickel as shown in the table) produced by the global leader in catalysis , BASF who have found that although the catalysts operate at low temperature and show good conversion rates in the Methanation process, they eventually begin to age and lose their effectiveness, that is why through their current research they have identified that Methanation Catalyst relies on the mature combination of nickel oxide technology on an alumina matrix. However, through careful control of composition and geometry and the addition of a Rare Earth promoter, a number of performance improvements are achieved, these improvements are temperature resistance and long mechanical life. BASFs methanation catalyst also boasts a superior physical makeup reducing deterioration that can lead to increased pressure drop in the system16For the future?Another SNG project was decided upon in this April between ConocoPhillips and POSCO (a Korean steel-manufacturing company) in which ConocoPhillips E-Gas technology is being used with POSCOs Gwangyang coal to SNG project. This facility has targ eted production of 500,000 m.t. of SNG I will not go further with this project as the methanation technology to be used has not yet been announced and a new technology to produce SNG using crude oil coke (petcoke) (an advanced technology that captures and sequesters CO2 emissions from an industrial source) is to be implemented with this at a further stage. 12Hydromethanation-Peabody Energy and GreatPoint Energy Mass recently signed an agreement to produce SNG from coal, H2 from coal and also CCS projects. These are wanted to be developed with Bluegas technology, which uses catalytic Hydromethanation to produce H2 and SNG. The process is more efficient and cost effective than conventional gasification routes to SNG. In the bluegas process a propriety catalyst is dispersed with the feedstock (coal, petcoke, or biomass), and the mixture loaded into the reactor. Pressurized steam is injected from below to fluidize the mixture, which reacts to form CH4, CO2, H2 and CO.12 in that locati on is also a German-Austrian project that wants to produce methane from extra electrical energy that has been generated from solar or wind power and a process that combines methanation with electrolysis has been developed at the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research, Germany.ConclusionMethanation is a very important process especially in todays environment where we look to reduce CO2 emissions further and producing SNG from biomass using the methanation process does this rather than using natural gas. Methane is used in the gas that provides our homes with energy and heating. We need to find even more efficient processes like the ones described above that use methanation to produce SNG.

For My Business Studies Coursework Personal Development Essay

For My Business Studies Coursework Personal Development EssayMy transaction mind is a domestic cleanup usefulness which I am providing in my topical anaesthetic anaesthetic bea of Doncaster. My run is called pink ladies and is a cable which cleans dourices and ho roles in the local range. The cleanup function which I am going to reserve argon Domestic cleanup position around home and offices Spring alter packages Packages with incompatible cyclorama of dissemble clean Window cleanup position Regular and one off cleans quotidian/ weekly/ periodical Ironing and lavation Emergency cleansing Brass cleanup spot Moving in/moving out cleaning Carpet cleaningMy suffice leave behind be providing trusted, trained and friendly stave.My service is for population who do not allow time to clean, older people who heapnot manage to clean, offices and busy operative people. I have specifyd to do a cleaning assembly line as they be little challenger in my local atomi c number 18a around the local area where I live for example Bessacarr, Cantley and Rossington. (See appendix). Due to this I thought this would be a good foodstuff as they are a batch of opportunities in my local area for business. I entrust use the bills from my loan and the money which my grandparents have given me to set up sound Ladies.My aims and objectives for criticise LadiesAimsI am setting aims so I give the bounce canvass and necessitate what I sine qua non to fulfil in the long run and what I want in the long run. tip Ladies aims are gain market share- in the long run I want to try and be give away therefore my rivals by acquire the market share which is getting to be the highest in the market cleaning service. This can be done by doing advertising, having cheaper prices or the same price then competitors and training staff to render a better overall service so more customers forget write out to garden pink Ladies which give increase the market sh are. maximum profit- When solicit Ladies is propose cleaning I want to get the maximum profit I can by getting the market share I volition have more customer which will hit more profit so I hand off my loans etc. By getting maximum profit, Pink ladies will be guaranteen as a success. I will do this by advertising so people know active Pink ladies. likewise trying to breakeven so I am making a profit and trying to beat competitors.I will maximum my success by making sure I monitor my competitors, arouse sure staff are well trained and ply a good quality service. I will get my customer involved with regular feedback to see how Pink Ladies can be improved.I will measure my sales by watching Pink Ladies market share and measure by profit by doing financial check ups to check my profit.ObjectivesAn objective helps to set targets to achieve an aim. Pink Ladies objectives are Maximum sales- This helps me achieve my aim of getting maximum profit as the more sales the more profit I will get. I will do this by advertising Pink Ladies and making sure I provide a good quality service so people recommend Pink Ladies so I can the most sales I can. To survive- it is very important that Pink Ladies survive as my business will not be successful and the money which I have put into it will have been wasted. I measure my survive with my breakeven and my cash flow forecast. I will achieve my aim of increasing market share as by achieve this is will be working my way up to the market share. I will achieve this by doing advertising and making sure that money is kept safe and recorded. To breakeven- I will convey to breakeven to make a profit so this is important it helps me achieve my aim of maximum profit. I will do this by checking I am breaking even and making sure that I am doing advertising so people know well-nigh Pink Ladies. I must excessively make sure I trust the right prices. To dissipate to public or private limited company- By nailing it will achieve m y aim of increasing market share. As by doing this I will be a bigger company which people are more likely to know about. I will do this by trying to let people know about my service Pink Ladies with advertising. To not get into unlimited liability-If my business fails I will get into unlimited liability so if I can pay off my debts, I will have to use my own possession. To make sure this doesnt happen I need to make sure that I check my finance regular so I met my aim of getting maximum profit. Run in a cost telling manner-By running in a cost effective manner, I will prevent waste by making sure waste is recorded and kept to a minimum with training with staff. By doing sure I will be able to make sure I do not spend any my profits on replacing waste.My other business ideasI decide to make two alternate business idea so I could look into to see what would do better in the market.My first alternative idea- One of my idea for a business was a nail technician who visits people adm it to do people nails who like to have their nails done at home or cannot get out. After doing thirdhand search (see query) they was too much competitor around the Doncaster idea so it would be hard to try and get the market share and hard to get customer as they may already have a nail technician they like. For example of my competitors would be Bedazzled in Balby.My second alternative idea- My second alternative was a bouncy castle hire service for local people around Doncaster to provide events for parties and different events. After doing several(prenominal) secondary explore I launch in winter went the weather is shivery it can chance on sales which could proceed if this business would be a success as less people have bouncy castle inside. This would hateful I may not breakeven and not make much money. Materials are also very expensive to buy so it would take a spile of the money I have earning.I chose cleaning business of Pink Ladies as it can be done all year ro und in any weather, materials are cheap and they is little competition around Doncaster especially near the area I live.Primary inquiry for Pink LadiesPrimary research is getting information about a subject which is been collected and has not already been done.I did a questionnaire to 50 different people within different age groups. This is what I look ated them.1) what is your genderI asked equal amount of males and females so my results were fair as this would act the people who I target my advertising on and the promotion I would do which would affect my marketing mix.2) What age are you?I asked this to find what age group were more provoke in my cleaning services. This would help the promotion and find the type of people I want to help me do my marketing mix. I mainly get results from people above 21 year old.3) What part of Doncaster do you live in?Most people I asked live in Bessacarr Cantley Bawtry Tickhill Sheffield Rossington Edentrope Adwick Thorne Hatfield AskernWith these places except Sheffield as it is too removed away, it will help me decide in my marketing mix the place which I am going to target my sales and promotion on. A lot of these are locally to my base on home.4) Do you know any other cleaning company?I asked to find what my local competition is as this would help me watch out for them. They were Poppies Diamond cleaning The square duster PSS Done and dusted Star dropsHelp me see what prices they have on secondary research so I can decide on the price I will charge and promotion I will chose to beat my competitors.5) Would you be participationed in a cleaning service in your home or office?I asked this to see if they were any interest in the service which I was doing which related to my people in my marketing mix. Most people yes or maybe which is a positive sign as people may interest in my cleaning. It will affect my crossway in my marketing mix as it affect what service I provide.6) Would you be interested in having cleaning in authentic parts of the year for example Christmas time?Out of 50 people I question 38 of them said yes or maybe, this shows some people may be interested in my cleaning service being provided at special times. This affect the promotion I do at authorized times of the year and the product I provide for this. It may mean offering special deals at special times of the year.7) What kinds of jobs would you expect to be done around the home?I asked this to see what customers see a cleaner doing in their home and expect them to be like so I can could the product in the best quality. People said Washing up Reliable, trustworthy, good hygiene Honest Dusting Hovering Cleaning surfaces Cleaning floors and hovering Spring cleaning General cleaning jobs IroningBy doing it will help me train my staff to be these things so customers do what they want and treat they well to create a good quality staff. This will affect my People at work and the product they receive.8) What would be the most suitable time for cleaning to pay off and clean your house?A lot of the answer to this got the same results besides more for morning cleaning. From doing this it shows that some people may prefer evening and this may affect the times could I could clean and the prices I charge for doing cleaning at night. It will help me find staff mos.9) How much would you like to pay per hour for a cleaning service?By doing this it would help me decide on the price I will charge my customer per hour for my cleaning services. This could affect the people at work will what they get paid. I will decide my price with this and my competitions price. A lot of people would pay surrounded by 4.00- 5.00 pound but this may be too low for my costs.10) What things influence you to a certain cleaning company?A lot of people prices and recommendation, this subject matter I have to make sure that I create a good quality service so people are recommended to Pink Ladies as this will help my costs and get my a im of maximum profit. The price has to be similar to my competitors so people will pay it.11) What sensible environs you expect from cleaning service?I did this to find out what I could do to make Pink Ladies stand out from my competitors. This is what physical purlieu customer expect and I must train my staff to do Friendly service Trustworthy Welcoming well-behaved clean house Quality12) How a great deal would you want a cleaner to total to your house?The most common was weekly and 28 people would prefer it then. This will affect the promotion I do as I need to make I fit my regular customer in. It will also affect the price I charge them as they may want special packages for having regularly cleaning.13) Would you be interested in special packagesA lot were interested in the special packages as it is a way of saving money. 28 people were interested in this so this may be something to consider in my package deals. This will affect packaging and the products which I provide w ith the deals.From doing this questionnaire it has help me see what customer want a cleaning service so I can work my Pink Ladies business around this so I give the best service I can.Secondary research for Pink LadiesFor my first bit of secondary research I ensnare out by going on yell.com where my competitors are in my local area. This would help me as I found by annulus up the service which they provide and the prices they charge. This would help me decide on the services to often my customers and the prices to charge. This will help with my marketing mix. I have found my apex five competitors and have found out their prices and the service they often. (see map in research)CompanyService offeredpriceslocationPoppies weekly/monthly/fortnightly cleans, one off cleans, spring cleans, carpet cleans, brass silver, emergency cleaning 8.00per hourBessacarrPSSTailor made programs, window cleaning, spring cleans, packages, weekly and monthly cleans 7.50 per hour61 boughton road, Bessac arrThe feather dusterWashing and ironing, one off cleans, daily weekly, monthly 7.75ThorneMaid to cleanWeekly/monthly cleans, ironing, one off cleans 7.50Town centreStardropsWeekly/Daily cleans, ironing, one off cleans 7.50ConisbroughFrom looking at at my competitors I have found that poppies is my biggest competitor as it provides the most service, it is a national company and they are two cleaners working in the area. This government agency I must make sure I provide the same service and more so I look better then my competitors and the price will be cheaper or the same as my competitors. I am going to try and provide more service then poppies. In my marketing mix it will help me decide my price and the product I will provide in my marketing mix.I also look on poppies website to see how they persuade people to having cleaning done by them. I found that they say about the physical environment which is expected from them when cleaning which are the same which I found out from my q uestionnaire. I am going to make sure I promote this. (See research for website)To look at some more secondary research I decide to go on national statistics.com to look at the population and income of people. From looking at income and wealth I found that more people are earning more money which means more people can have the luxury of a cleaner. With wealth rising and longer hours at work, it means more and more people will need cleaners in the future. This affect my price which I charge due to how much people can afford and who I promotion and advertising my cleaning to. Household income is growing.(see research)I also looked at the population rate which is also going up which means more people in the innovation, more people who will want cleaning being done then pervious years. This will affect how many staff I have (people) and the amount of hours and the price I charge. analyze the service which are offer among Pink Ladies and it competitorsThese are the service which I am offering as part of Pink Ladies Domestic cleaning around home and offices Spring cleaning packages Packages with different aspect of cleaning Window cleaning Regular and one off cleans Daily/ weekly/ monthly Ironing and washing Emergency cleaning Brass cleaning Moving in/moving out cleaning Carpet cleaningPoppies as my biggest competitors provide these service except Ironing and washing Packages deals Cleaning around offices Spring cleaning packages.Other services which my other competitors offer are the normal cleans and washing and ironing.BY providing more service it makes me stand out from my competitors as I have more choice so customers are more likely to come to me.My Proposal for Pink LadiesFrom doing my primary and secondary research I have made proposals on my service from talking to potential customers and looking at competitors. My biggest competition is from poppies which are in my local area of Bessacarr. I need to make sure I do promotion within my marketing mix so pe ople know about the service I am providing. This may going to promotion in areas such as carcroft where they are no local cleaners. To make sure I am up to date with my competitors I will provide the same services and more service so I am more update and people come to my cleaning services. Due to the great variety in services. I must give the same physical environment which I found from my questionnaire and poppies website. I need to charge the same price as my competitors so my prices are not too high and try and be the lowest price in the market as people want cheaper prices shown when asking in the questionnaire I will use my questionnaire and my secondary research to make sure I decide correctly when doing my marketing mix.Market strategy for Pink LadiesThis the strategies I will use to try and get the market share. For my market strategy to get the market share I am going to provide the service which my competitors offer so people are more likely to Pink Ladies as more service are offered. I will offer unique package deals so I look more up to date then my competitors. Another market strategy I am development is targeting area where competitions are not base to try and get customer from there, as this is how I will variant my market share by promoting in the paper and leaflets to try and get customer and build my market share. I am also going to try the cheapest price of my competitors of 7.50 so people come to me as I am cheaper which will help build up my market share.Marketing mix of Pink LadiesA marketing mix is tactical components of a marketing plan. I am going to be looking at 6 p s of the marketing mix.Price- is what I am going to charge for my service for cleaning people houses. When looking to the research I did, I found from my questionnaire that People wanted to pay between 4-5 cleaning per hour however from secondary research I found that my competitors were charging between 7.50 and 8.00. When also looking at the profit a would make for 4 .00- 5.00 I would not make a profit as it is my costs. So I decide to go for the lower price that my competitors changes which is 7.50 which is the cheapest. This will still make people come to Pink Ladies as it is the cheapest cleaning business. Packages will be charge per hour as well with two things done in the hour e.g. Carpet cleaning a room and certain cleaning.Place- this is where the goods are sold or services are placed. From doing my questionnaire I found out where people live in area of Doncaster to give me the place where my cleaning could be done. However in my secondary research I found where my competitors are gear upd so I could promote and get customer from area of Doncaster where not many cleaners are. I decide to try and get customer from carcroft, adwick, rossington and cantley. I am not buying any premises as I do not need one at the moment as they is only me to start with, I am going to use a home office at home. In the future I may need premises if Pink Ladie s expand for staff breaks and for people book our cleaning. In the future I would try and situate near my local area as Bessacarr so I am near where I am hoping my customers will be around rossington from when I found out in my secondary research. I also would need to think about be near cash and carry as this would save money in petrol. If I bought a property in the future, I would get a mortgage and played out about 50,000 on premises. This will depend on the housing and shop pricing at the time.Packaging- packaging can be packaging on a good but I am using package as a service. This is where you include two things together for a special deal.I will use packaging when doing my package deals. I research this in the primary research by asking if people would interest in package deals, I got a good response. From my secondary research I found that not other cleaners provide package deals, which makes my service unique and stand out from my competition. The package deals I would do is for example carpet and certain cleaning in the hour for 7.50 but would depend on the size of curtain or room. This would mean a mortal doesnt has pay for cleaning but certain jobs around the house. These may be common in certain times in the year as in my primary research a lot said they be interested in cleaning at special times at year such as Christmas.Product-this is the service which I am providing or if could be the product which I am selling. From doing my primary research I found if people would be interested in my service or workplace where I got a good response where a lot of people said no or maybe. I also ask when jobs would be expected by a cleaner. This and my secondary research of finding out what service by competitors decide, I decide to offer more service or the same so I am at the same stage as my competitors. These are the service which I will be offering Domestic cleaning around home and offices Spring cleaning packages Packages with different aspect of cleani ng Window cleaning Regular and one off cleans Daily/ weekly/ monthly Ironing and washing Emergency cleaning Brass cleaning Moving in/moving out cleaning Carpet cleaningFrom doing this research I can provide these service which my competitors do not provide such as cleaning packages.Promotion-This is tools to help promote a product or service to persuade people to buy the product or service. From doing my secondary research I found that people are attractive to certain cleaning company due to with the price and recommendation. This is why I need make sure I giving the best quality service at the lowest price. I need promote my cleaning service, Pink Ladies to make sure that people know that a new service and available. I will use this using leaflet with people doors in area which I am targeting, cantley, rossington, carcroft and adwick. I am going advertise my service through the paper every week to make sure people know about my service and the service which I provide. From my seco ndary I found that my biggest competitor poppies using persuade about the service they provide such as trustworthy, I am going to do this in my advertising to be at the same stage as my competition. By doing special package deals instead just cleaning, this one of the promotion I will be doing where I do two jobs such as carpet cleaning and curtain cleaning for 7.50 in a hour or two instead of a person getting their house cleaned.Physical environment- this is the physical environment which a cleaning service is given. This could be the feel of the service and an environment which a customer expects. From doing secondary research I am using my competitors ideas of the physical environment they expect from cleaning. These are things like trust and friendly. In my primary research I also find that the customer wanted these things out of service for a physical environment from cleaning Friendly Trustworthy Welcoming Good environment Good cleaning Good qualityThese are things I will be u sing to make sure that customers feel like the environment around them is to a good standard.People-People is the people within a business such as staff I need to make sure that my staff provides the physical environment customers want from cleaning. This will when having staff in the future. I found this out from my primary and secondary research about what people what out of a business. For this staff will need training when I get staff in the future when I expand.Further explanation of place- At the moment Pink Ladies will be ran from home as they is no need for a place as it is not a big enough company jet. When Pink Ladies expand I will need a place where my customer can come and book, and office work can be done from a rudimentary point. If I was to get a shop where I could run things from, I would spent 100,000 pounds and try and get a place in the local area where I started or in town. Town is more direct for customers for customers to get to however it depend if they is a property available at my price range. It would be connivance in the town centre as customer and staff would be able to access it easily however I would need put available to store company vans and cars when not being used and for staff to gain easier access. I would provide a place where customer can come and inquire, and be able to employee people to do paper work and equipment can be stored. This depends on how well Pink Ladies do as they need to expand before they do this.SWOT analysis of Pink LadiesA SWOT analysis is helping manage the risk of making decision and help see what a business current position is in.StrengthsThis is something that a business performs effectively and it is strong in it. These are the strengths of Pink Ladies Provides Package deals different from competitors which make Pink Ladies stand out as it is a unique selling point. High quality service due to the training the cleaner receive and what and how the services are provided. High level of customer ser vice- customer come first Effective promotion within the package deals as people are attractive from doing my questionnaire.WeaknessesThis is where a business is performing poorly and not effectively. These are the weaknesses of Pink Ladies Restricted service sure to the expensive of equipment e.g. One carpet cleaner. Low sales when the customer base in growing.Opportunities- this is the business could take advantage of in the future. These are the opportunities of Pink Ladies Expanding when profit is made, with more available staff to clean to make business increase market share Technology development means better equipment which improve services New markets as more people are working longer hour and getting more money so do not have not have time to clean and can afford it. Product extensions when more equipment is bought.ThreatsThis is a potential problem within a business in the future. Pink Ladies threats are A lot of competitors within the cleaning industrial and people are se tting cleaning company all the time Poppies have a high market share New lawmaking to do with staff and materials may affect the business in the futuresPEST analysis of Pink LadiesThis is where a business analysis the external macro environment, looking what might affect the business from the outside. PEST is made up of political, economic, social and technology factors.Political factors- These are government regulation, legal issue and laws which a business such operate under. The factors which may affect Pink Ladies are Employment laws- In the future when I expand and get staff, employment laws may affect Pink Ladies as I have to consider employment laws such as minimum wage and hour people are allow to work. I need to make sure that no one id discriminated through my workplace. This could affect Pink Ladies as training will need to be done about discrimination and more money may need to pay for more staff. If the minimum wage goes up, I will lose profit as I will have to pay for earnings Environment regulation- As Pink Ladies using chemical within the business, I need make sure they are dispose of correctly and control. This will affect Pink Ladies as more money spending on making sure some substance are taking to dumping sites etc. this well cost money in petrol and training staff how to get rid of certain substances. National indemnification and Tax- When I come to end of Pink Ladies working year, I will have to pay a total amount of tax if a make a certain amount of profit. This will affect Pink Ladies as I will have to use money for taxes out of the profit I make.Economic wealth-These are the purchasing power which could affect the business and customers. These are the affects which would affect Pink Ladies Economic wealth-This is depended on the customers and how much money they have to spent. If wages increase then more people are likely to have cleaners as they have more money to spend. However if wages go megabucks it will mean less people will have money to hire cleaners. VOT-This tax with is added on to certain which are buying. If VOT goes up then it will affect Pink Ladies stock prices as they will have to pay more and things petrol will be more. However if they go down it will mean Pink Ladies has less money to spentSocial factors-this is demographic and culture aspects. This affects the customer needs and wants which could include age distribution. Social factors could affect Pink Ladies by Population growth rate- If the birth rate is rising in the UK, this means they will be more people in the world who may want cleaning which means they would be a better demand. However if the population lower it would mean that they would be less demand for cleaning. speech pattern on safety- This could be social factors which emphasis on cleaning and safety. This may cleaning may not seen as safe so it may be hard to find staff due working with chemical. This means it is important that I protect my staff from any dangers. This m ay more money spent on training and making sure staffs are safe.Technology factors- this relates to technology which is available. This could affect Pink Ladies as Rate of technological change- When changes to technology occur, this may means spending money keeping up to date with the latest technology as my competitors may provide a better service them me due to better technology. This may mean Pink Ladies spending money to keep up to date. Latest technology- If Pink Ladies can afford the new technology or not, people are more likely to go to service with better technology which could cause problems with losing customers.

Boewulf :: Boewulf Essays

Boewulf The section entitled Further Celebration at Heorot opens after Boewulf has slain Grendels mother. This becomes acceptable adult behavior when you realize that Grendel and his mother are both(prenominal) monsters from the same evil metal. Beowulf has returned to King Hrothgars beautiful Heorot Hall to celebrate his victory over evil Grendel. Beowulfs boasts illuminate his heroic deeds. His crowingdeclares the mead hall now safe for all the thanes to drink in once again. Hrothgar, the honorable king of the Danes, is grateful for the monsters slaughter that Beowulf has donebut is also reflective. Drawing on the experiences of a desire life, he confides in Beowulf that he should not be quite so full of himself. He statesKeep yourself against that wickedness, belovedBeowulf, best of men, and choose better-eternalgains. Have no care for pride, great warrior. Nowfor a time there is glory in your might yet soon it shall be that sickness or stigma will diminish yourstrength, or fi res fangs, or floods surge, or swordsswing, or spears flight, or appalling age brightnessof eyes will take apart and glow blue-blooded then it shall be thatdeath will overcome you, warrior.Hrothgar is a wise and noble king. He is much older than Beowulf and sees much of his former self in the young warrior. Having populated and learned many lessons from the thousands of experiences that Beowulf has yet to face, with great affection for Hygelacs thane, Hrothgar tries to use his wisdom to help and Beowulf on the difficult road ahead. To illustrate his point, Hrothgar recounts the story of Heremod, a miserably notoriousking, who stayed from the codes and procedures of that warriorcaste. The evil ones main failure was a lack of respect for his people. As Hrothgar explains, He grew great, not for their joy,but for their slaughter. Not only did Heremod fail to share aportion of the wealth and power that God has given him with his loyal retainers. he performed the most heinous of crimes , the killing of his own clansman. In the end, this king, having failed to live a just life, had few friends and died unhappy. Then his people, without longing for their departed king, advanced someone else to the office.Beowulf does not have any fear that Hrothgars vision is in his future. He is confident of his amazing courage. His states, Sometimes fate can save the undoomed man if his courage is good.

The Success of Gateway Computer :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

The Success of Gateway ComputerGateway 2000 was formed by Ted Waitt(CEO), in September 1985, in Sioux City, Iowa. The company was founded along with Senior Vice chairperson Mike Hammond. In 1990, as the company began to blossom it was moved to its current location in North Sioux City, South Dakota. They formed Gateway 2000 with one intention in mind- to offer PC buyers a logical alternative to high markups, limited choices and inadequate support, common in the retail PC market (Gateway.com 1). These two partners started selling hardware and software to people who owned Texas Instrument computers. The placed ads in computer related publications, selling to the end user. These two guys were the pioneers of direct-marketing in the PC industry. Finally in 1987 Ted Waitt recognized the possibility of selling fully configured computers, at good prices. This idea gave Gateway a tremendous push former into the computer industry. In 1987 the company reported revenues of 1.5 million dollar s, later in 1989, it jumped to an astounding 70.6 million dollars. Finally, in 1996, they jumping into the billions with 5.04 billion dollars. In 1993, Gateway became a traded company in the NASDAQ market system under the symbol GATE. Making improvement along the way they moved to the New York Stock Exchange on May 22, 1997 and uses the symbol GTW. On June 16, 1997 the stock split. Gateway 2000 is a leading world(prenominal) marketer of personal computers. Although they are a leader in global marketing they have a problem with their laptop division. the laptop division holds one of the lowest market assigns in the market. Toshiba the leader in market share holds 21.2 percent of the market, Compaq holding 15.7, IBM with 12.4, Dell with 6.1, Acer with 5.0, Packard Bell with 4.4, Fujitsu with 3.4, Hitachi with 3.3, Micron with 3.2, and finally Gateway with 2.8 percent. With Gateways new and improved marketing plan, they should increase to the top over the following five years. Gat eways current target market is the home PC user. They put forth most of their energy trying to make the client feel comfortable with its product. They also want the customer to feel as though they made the right decision buying from Gateway. This attitude will care Gateway in selling itself. They will not need to use extreme advertising because the word of mouth is the most powerful advertising tool.